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Josie Billington

Professor Josie Billington
BA (Hons.), PGCE, MA, PhD

Contact

Jbilling@liverpool.ac.uk

+44 (0)151 794 2734

Publications

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2024

Arts for health's sake: Mapping innovation in arts provision in the Liverpool City Region

Billington, J., Balabanova, E., Worsley, J., Anisimovich, A., & Chapple, M. (2024). Arts for health's sake: Mapping innovation in arts provision in the Liverpool City Region. In Creative approaches to wellbeing: The pandemic and beyond (pp. 204-224).

Chapter

Arts for health’s sake

Billington, J., Balabanova, E., Worsley, J., Anisimovich, A., & Chapple, M. (2024). Arts for health’s sake. In Creative approaches to wellbeing. Manchester University Press. doi:10.7765/9781526172600.00019

DOI
10.7765/9781526172600.00019
Chapter

‘The Secret History of the Sonnet: The Poetics of Maternal Love in Augusta Webster's "Mother and Daughter".

Billington, J. (2024). ‘The Secret History of the Sonnet: The Poetics of Maternal Love in Augusta Webster's "Mother and Daughter".. In P. Chaozon, & E. Gray (Eds.), Love Among the Poets: The Victorian Poetics of Intimacy. Ohio: Ohio University Press.

Chapter

SHARED: Seeing Arts Health Research Enacted (Digital Anthology of International Best Practice)

Billington, J., Asquith, W., Anisimovich, A., & Snowden-Leak, R. (2024). SHARED: Seeing Arts Health Research Enacted (Digital Anthology of International Best Practice).

Other

Literary Realism and Mental Breakdown

Billington, J. (2024). Literary Realism and Mental Breakdown. In A. Elsner, & M. Pietrzak-Franger (Eds.), Literature and Medicine Cambridge Critical Concepts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chapter

2023

Music and Health

Billington, J., Anisimovich, A., Chapple, M., Worsley, J., Hopson, N., & Howard, C. (2023). Music and Health. [Audio-video].

Media

Liverpool Art of Care: LivCare

Asquith, W., Anisimovich, A., Balabanova, E., Billington, J., Worsley, J., & Snowden-Leak, R. (2023). Liverpool Art of Care: LivCare.

Other

Exploring the different cognitive, emotional and imaginative experiences of autistic and non-autistic adult readers when contemplating serious literature as compared to non-fiction

Chapple, M., Davis, P., Billington, J., & Corcoran, R. (2023). Exploring the different cognitive, emotional and imaginative experiences of autistic and non-autistic adult readers when contemplating serious literature as compared to non-fiction. FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1001268

DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1001268
Journal article

2022

Liverpool's Arts Scene: A COVID-19 Life Support Network

Billington, J., Balabanova, E., & Worsley, J. (2022). Liverpool's Arts Scene: A COVID-19 Life Support Network. [Magazine].

Media

Liverpool's arts providers are unsung heroes of the COVID crisis

Billington, J., Balabanova, E., & Worsley, J. (2022). Liverpool's arts providers are unsung heroes of the COVID crisis. [Newspaper article].

Media

Liverpool’s unsung COVID heroes: how the city’s arts scene became a life support network

Billington, J., Balabanova, E., & Worsley, J. (2022). Liverpool’s unsung COVID heroes: how the city’s arts scene became a life support network. [Academic magazine].

Media

COVID-19 CARE: Culture and the Arts, from Restriction to Enhancement: Protecting Mental Health in the Liverpool City Region

Balabanova, E., Billington, J., Worsley, J., Asquith, W., Anisimovich, A., Snowden-Leak, R., . . . Watkins, M. (n.d.). COVID-19 CARE: Culture and the Arts, from Restriction to Enhancement: Protecting Mental Health in the Liverpool City Region. Retrieved from http://www.livcare.org.uk/

Media

COVID-19 CARE: Culture and the Arts, from Restriction to Enhancement: Protecting Mental Health in the Liverpool City Region

Balabanova, E., Billington, J., Worsley, J., Anisimovich, A., Chapple, M., & Watkins, M. (2022). COVID-19 CARE: Culture and the Arts, from Restriction to Enhancement: Protecting Mental Health in the Liverpool City Region.

Report

2021

The Mental Health Impact of Restricted Access to Arts and Culture

Billington, J., Balabanova, K., & Worsley, J. (2021). The Mental Health Impact of Restricted Access to Arts and Culture.

Other

2020

Reading

Davis, P., & Billington, J. (2020). Reading. In P. Crawford, B. Brown, & A. Charise (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Health Humanities (pp. 282-287). London: Routledge. Retrieved from https://www.routledge.com/

Chapter

2019

The Victorian Novel: Laying the Foundations for ‘Bibliotherapy’

Farrington, G., Davis, P., & Billington, J. (2019). The Victorian Novel: Laying the Foundations for ‘Bibliotherapy’. In J. Billington (Ed.), Reading and Mental Health (pp. 47-68). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_4

DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_4
Chapter

Introduction

Billington, J. (2019). Introduction. In Reading and Mental Health (pp. 1-11). Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_1

DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_1
Chapter

Linguistic Approaches

Lampropoulou, S., Koleva, K., Harvey, K., Brookes, G., Billington, J., & Davis, P. (2019). Linguistic Approaches. In READING AND MENTAL HEALTH (pp. 241-263). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_11

DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_11
Chapter

Qualitative Methodologies I: Using Established Qualitative Methods in Research on Reading and Health

Robinson, J., Billington, J., Gray, E., & Chapple, M. (2019). Qualitative Methodologies I: Using Established Qualitative Methods in Research on Reading and Health. In READING AND MENTAL HEALTH (pp. 155-190). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_9

DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_9
Chapter

Qualitative Methods II: Developing Innovative Qualitative Approaches in Research on Reading and Health

Billington, J., Davis, P., Farrington, G., Green, K., Magee, F., Steenberg, M., & Tangeraas, T. M. (2019). Qualitative Methods II: Developing Innovative Qualitative Approaches in Research on Reading and Health. In READING AND MENTAL HEALTH (pp. 191-240). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_10

DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_10
Chapter

Quantitative Methods

Billington, J., Corcoran, R., Watkins, M., Steenberg, M., Christiansen, C., Ladegaard, N., & Kuiken, D. (2019). Quantitative Methods. In READING AND MENTAL HEALTH (pp. 265-292). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_12

DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_12
Chapter

Reading and Mental Health

Billington, J. (Ed.) (2019). Reading and Mental Health (1 ed.). London: Palgrave. Retrieved from https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783030217617

Book

Reading in Prisons Alexis McNay, Charles Darby-Villis and Ann Walmsley in interview with Josie Billington

Mcnay, A., Darby-Villis, C., Billington, J., & Walmsley, A. (2019). Reading in Prisons Alexis McNay, Charles Darby-Villis and Ann Walmsley in interview with Josie Billington. In READING AND MENTAL HEALTH (pp. 111-133). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_7

DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_7
Chapter

Quantitative Methods (Sept, 10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_12, 2019)

Billington, J., Corcoran, R., Watkins, M., Steenberg, M., Christiansen, C., Ladegaard, N., & Kuiken, D. (2019). Quantitative Methods (Sept, 10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_12, 2019). In READING AND MENTAL HEALTH (pp. C1). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_22

DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-21762-4_22
Chapter

2018

Review Title, Review of 'For Better, For Worse: Marriage in Victorian Novels by Women' by Carolyn Lambert and Marion Shaw (eds), New York and London: Routledge, 2018, pp. 217. ISBN: 978-1-138-28564-4

Billington, J. (2018). Review Title, Review of 'For Better, For Worse: Marriage in Victorian Novels by Women' by Carolyn Lambert and Marion Shaw (eds), New York and London: Routledge, 2018, pp. 217. ISBN: 978-1-138-28564-4. Gaskell Society Journal, 32.

Book Review

Evaluating the effectiveness of a ‘real-world’ shared reading intervention for preschool children and their families: A randomised controlled trial.

DOI
10.31234/osf.io/habg9
Preprint

Elizabeth Gaskell, Cranford

Billington, J. (Ed.) (2018). Elizabeth Gaskell, Cranford (First ed.). London: Pan Macmillan.

Book

21st Century Oxford Authors Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Selected Writings

Davis, P. (2018). 21st Century Oxford AuthorsElizabeth Barrett Browning: Selected Writings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Scholarly edition

Reading and Chronic Pain

Billington, J., Jones, A., & Humphreys, A. L. (2018). Reading and Chronic Pain. In T. Stickler (Ed.), Arts, Health and Wellbeing: A Theoretical Enquiry. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Chapter

2017

Forget Me Not

Billington, J. (2017). Forget Me Not. The Reader.

Journal article

Meanings of Pain, edited by Simon van Rysewyk. Springer International Publishing, 2016, 401 pages.

Billington, J., Jones, A., & Ledson, J. (n.d.). Meanings of Pain, edited by Simon van Rysewyk. Springer International Publishing, 2016, 401 pages.. BMJ Journal of Medical Humanities.

Book Review

The Connell Guide to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

Billington, J. (2017). The Connell Guide to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1 ed.). London: Connell Guides Publishing Ltd.

Book

The Edinburgh Companion to the Critical Medical Humanities The Edinburgh Companion to the Critical Medical Humanities, edited by Anne Whitehead and Angela Woods (general editors) with Sarah Atkinson, Jane Macnaughton and Jennifer Richards (associate editors). Published by Edinburgh University Press, 2016.

Billington, J. (2017). The Edinburgh Companion to the Critical Medical HumanitiesThe Edinburgh Companion to the Critical Medical Humanities, edited by Anne Whitehead and Angela Woods (general editors) with Sarah Atkinson, Jane Macnaughton and Jennifer Richards (associate editors). Published by Edinburgh University Press, 2016.. Journal of Medical Humanities.

Book Review

2016

Is Literature Healthy?

Billington, J. (2016). Is Literature Healthy? (First ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://global.oup.com/

Book

Making sense of mental health difficulties through live reading: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of being in a Reader Group

Gray, E., Kiemle, G., Davis, P., & Billington, J. (2016). Making sense of mental health difficulties through live reading: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of being in a Reader Group. ARTS & HEALTH, 8(3), 248-261. doi:10.1080/17533015.2015.1121883

DOI
10.1080/17533015.2015.1121883
Journal article

The Selected Works of Margaret Oliphant, Part VI Volume 24: The Ladies Lindores

Billington, J. (Ed.) (2016). The Selected Works of Margaret Oliphant, Part VI Volume 24: The Ladies Lindores (First ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. Retrieved from https://www.crcpress.com/

Book

A Comparison of Shared Reading and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Pain

Billington, J., Farrington, G., Jones, A., Ledson, J., Lampropoulou, S., Humphreys, A. L., . . . Lingwood, J. (2016). A Comparison of Shared Reading and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Pain.

Report

2015

Scenes of Clerical Life

Eliot, G. (2015). Scenes of Clerical Life. T. A. Noble, & J. Billington (Eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Book

Gaskell's 'Rooted' Prose Realism

Billington, J. (2015). Gaskell's 'Rooted' Prose Realism. In E. Morris, S. Gruver Moore, & L. Scholl (Eds.), Place, Progress and Personhood in the Works of Elizabeth Gaskell (pp. 250pp). Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

Chapter

Reading and Writing Short Fiction: Elizabeth Gaskell and George Eliot

Billington, J. (2015). Reading and Writing Short Fiction: Elizabeth Gaskell and George Eliot. The Gaskell Journal, 29, 24-36.

Journal article

2014

'Cultural Value: Assessing the intrinsic value of The Reader Organisation's Shared Reading Scheme'

Billington, J., Davis, P., Corcoran, R., Farrington, G., Lampropoulou, S., & Gonzalez-Diaz, V. (2014). 'Cultural Value: Assessing the intrinsic value of The Reader Organisation's Shared Reading Scheme'.

Report

Elizabeth Barrett Browning; 21st Century Oxford Authors

Billington, J., & Davis, P. (Eds.) (2014). Elizabeth Barrett Browning; 21st Century Oxford Authors. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://global.oup.com/academic/product/elizabeth-barrett-browning-9780199602889

Book

‘An Evaluation of a Literature-Based Intervention for People with Chronic Pain’

Billington, J., Humphreys, A. L., & Jones, A. (2014). ‘An Evaluation of a Literature-Based Intervention for People with Chronic Pain’.

Report

Connell Guide to Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre

Billington, J. (2014). Connell Guide to Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre (1 ed.). London: The Connell Guides.

Book

Jane Eyre: Connell Guides

Billington, J. (2014). Jane Eyre: Connell Guides. J. Connell (Ed.), London: Short Books.

Book

Modernizing George Eliot: The Writer as Artist, Intellectual, Proto-Modernist, Cultural Critic

Billington, J. (2014). Modernizing George Eliot: The Writer as Artist, Intellectual, Proto-Modernist, Cultural Critic. MODERN LANGUAGE REVIEW, 109, 502-503. doi:10.5699/modelangrevi.109.2.0502

DOI
10.5699/modelangrevi.109.2.0502
Journal article

On Kinship: Tolstoy's Anna Karenina

Billington, J. (2014). On Kinship: Tolstoy's Anna Karenina. The Reader, 53, 68-71.

Journal article

Review, Modernizing George Eliot: The Writer as Artist, Intellectual, Proto-Modernist

Billington, J. (2014). Review, Modernizing George Eliot: The Writer as Artist, Intellectual, Proto-Modernist. Modern Language Review, 109(2), 502.

Book Review

2013

Margaret Oliphant Novellas Vol 10 Selected Works of Margaret Oliphant ed. by Joanne Shattock and Elisabeth Jay

Billington, J. (Ed.) (2013). Margaret Oliphant Novellas Vol 10 Selected Works of Margaret Oliphant ed. by Joanne Shattock and Elisabeth Jay (1 ed.). London: Pickering & Chatto.

Book

Reading as participatory art: An alternative mental health therapy

Billington, J., Davis, P., & Farrington, G. (2013). Reading as participatory art: An alternative mental health therapy. Journal of Arts & Communities, 5(1), 25-40. doi:10.1386/jaac.5.1.25_1

DOI
10.1386/jaac.5.1.25_1
Journal article

‘An Evaluation of a Pilot Study of a Literature-Based Intervention with Women in Prison’,

Billington, J., & Robinson, J. (2013). ‘An Evaluation of a Pilot Study of a Literature-Based Intervention with Women in Prison’,.

Report

Elizabeth Barrett Browning 21st Century Oxford Authors

Billington, J. (Ed.) (2013). Elizabeth Barrett Browning 21st Century Oxford Authors. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Book

Family and Kinship

Billington, J. (2013). Family and Kinship. In M. Harris (Ed.), George Eliot in Context (pp. 251-272). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chapter

The Victorian Sonnet

Billington, J. (2013). The Victorian Sonnet. In J. John (Ed.), Oxford Bibliographies Online (pp. n/a). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Chapter

What is Creative Reading

Billington, J. (2013). What is Creative Reading. Lapidus. Retrieved from http://www.lapidus.org.uk/

Journal article

Willing Surrender: Thomas Hardy's 'At Castle Boterel'

Billington, J. (2013). Willing Surrender: Thomas Hardy's 'At Castle Boterel'. The Reader, 51, 67-70.

Journal article

2012

Ashley Chantler, Michael Davis and Philip Shaw (eds), Literature and Authenticity, 1780-1900 (Ashgate 2011) Eleanor Courtemanche, The Invisible Hand and British Fiction, 1818-1860: Adam Smith, Political Economy and the Genre of Realism (Palgrave Macmillan 2011)

Billington, J. (2012). Ashley Chantler, Michael Davis and Philip Shaw (eds), Literature and Authenticity, 1780-1900 (Ashgate 2011)Eleanor Courtemanche, The Invisible Hand and British Fiction, 1818-1860: Adam Smith, Political Economy and the Genre of Realism (Palgrave Macmillan 2011). Gaskell Society Journal, 26, 118-20.

Book Review

Get into Reading as an intervention for common mental health problems: exploring catalysts for change.

Dowrick, C., Billington, J., Robinson, J., Hamer, A., & Williams, C. (2012). Get into Reading as an intervention for common mental health problems: exploring catalysts for change.. Medical humanities, 38(1), 15-20. doi:10.1136/medhum-2011-010083

DOI
10.1136/medhum-2011-010083
Journal article

A Literature-Based Intervention for Older People Living with Dementia’,

Billington, J., Davis, P., Kinderman, P., Carroll, J., & Healey, C. (2012). A Literature-Based Intervention for Older People Living with Dementia’,.

Report

An investigation into the therapeutic benefits of reading in relation to depression and well-being,

Billington, J., Dowrick, C., Robinson, J., & Hamer,, A. (2012). An investigation into the therapeutic benefits of reading in relation to depression and well-being,.

Report

The Connell Guide to George Eliot's Middlemarch

Billington, J. (2012). The Connell Guide to George Eliot's Middlemarch (1 ed.). London: Connell Guides.

Book

2011

Where does literary study happen? two case studies

Billington, J., & Sperlinger, T. (2011). Where does literary study happen? two case studies. Teaching in Higher Education, 16(5), 505-516. doi:10.1080/13562517.2011.570439

DOI
10.1080/13562517.2011.570439
Journal article

'Reading for Life': Prison Reading Groups in Practice and Theory

Billington, J. (2011). 'Reading for Life': Prison Reading Groups in Practice and Theory. Critical Survey, 23(3). doi:10.3167/cs.2011.230306

DOI
10.3167/cs.2011.230306
Journal article

Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Shakespeare: This is Living Art

Billington, J. (2011). Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Shakespeare: This is Living Art. London and New York: Continuum.

Book

Realism's Concealed Realities

Billington, J., & Davis, P. (2011). Realism's Concealed Realities. Synthesis, 3. Retrieved from http://www.enl.uoa.gr/synthesis/authors.htm

Journal article

Review, Mary Jean Corbett, Family Likenesses: Sex, Marriage and Incest from Jane Austen to Virginia Woolf (Cornell University Press, 2008)

Billington, J. (2011). Review, Mary Jean Corbett, Family Likenesses: Sex, Marriage and Incest from Jane Austen to Virginia Woolf (Cornell University Press, 2008). Journal of Victorian Culture, 275-279.

Book Review

2010

'Primary Sources and the MA student'

Billington, J. (2010). 'Primary Sources and the MA student'. In A. Maunder (Ed.), Teaching Nineteenth-Century Fiction (pp. 91-120). London: Palgrave.

Chapter

Ask Me

Billington, J. (2010). Ask Me. The Reader, 38, 81-84.

Journal article

Gaskell Timeline

Billington, J. (2010). Gaskell Timeline. In R. Clark, E. Elliott, & J. Todd (Eds.), The Literary Encyclopedia (pp. n/a). n/a: The Literary Dictionary Company Ltd..

Chapter

2009

How Can This Be Me?

Billington, J., Davis, P., & Morrison, B. (2009). How Can This Be Me?. The Reader, (36), 56-65.

Journal article

Review, Penny Gay, Judith Johnston, and Catherine Waters (eds) Victorian Turns, NeoVictorian Returns: Essays on Fiction and Culture (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008),

Billington, J. (2009). Review, Penny Gay, Judith Johnston, and Catherine Waters (eds) Victorian Turns, NeoVictorian Returns: Essays on Fiction and Culture (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008),. George Eliot Review, 40, 67-69.

Book Review

2008

Eliot's Middlemarch

Billington, J. (2008). Eliot's Middlemarch. London and New York: Continuum Press.

Book

Review, George Eliot and the Discourses of Medievalism

Billington, J. (2008). Review, George Eliot and the Discourses of Medievalism. Nineteenth-Century Contexts: an interdisciplinary journal, 30(2), 192-193.

Book Review

2007

'A Place to Stand and Love In: EBB's Sonnets from the Portuguese'

Billington, J. (2007). 'A Place to Stand and Love In: EBB's Sonnets from the Portuguese'. The Reader, (27), 25-30.

Journal article

Review, Martin Willis and Catherine Wynne (eds), Victorian Literary Mesmerism (Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2006),

Billington, J. (2007). Review, Martin Willis and Catherine Wynne (eds), Victorian Literary Mesmerism (Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2006),. Unknown Journal, 123-125.

Book Review

Sylvia's Lovers

Billington, J. (2007). Sylvia's Lovers. In R. Clark, E. Elliott, & J. Todd (Eds.), The Literay Encyclopedia (pp. n/a). n/a: The Literary Dictionary Company Ltd.

Chapter

Wives and Daughters

Billington, J. (2007). Wives and Daughters. In R. Clark, E. Elliott, & J. Todd (Eds.), The Literary Encyclopedia (pp. n/a). n/a: The Literary Dictionary Company.

Chapter

2006

Elizabeth Gaskell's Wives and Daughters, Vol 10, Collected Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, ed. by Joanne Shattock

Billington, J. (Ed.) (2006). Elizabeth Gaskell's Wives and Daughters, Vol 10, Collected Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, ed. by Joanne Shattock (1 ed.). London: Pickering & Chatto.

Book

'Tolstoy: On Life's Verge'

Billington, J. (2006). 'Tolstoy: On Life's Verge'. The Reader, (22), 33-39.

Journal article

2005

'Why Read Mrs Gaskell Today'

Billington, J. (2005). 'Why Read Mrs Gaskell Today'. The Reader, (17), 21-26.

Journal article

2004

Cousin Phillis

Billington, J. (2004). Cousin Phillis. In R. Clark, E. Elliott, J. Todd, & R. Clark (Eds.), The Literary Encyclopedia (pp. n/a). n/a: The Literary Dictionary Company Ltd.. Retrieved from http://www.literaryencyclopedia.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=5812

Chapter

2003

The Life of Charlotte Bronte

Billington, J. (2003). The Life of Charlotte Bronte. In R. Clark, E. Elliott, J. Todd, & R. Clark (Eds.), The Literary Encyclopedia (pp. n/a). n/a: The Literary Dictionary Company Ltd.. Retrieved from http://www.literaryencyclopedia.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=353

Chapter

2002

Faithful Realism: Elizabeth Gaskell and Leo Tolstoy: A Comparative Study

Billington, J. (2002). Faithful Realism: Elizabeth Gaskell and Leo Tolstoy: A Comparative Study. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press.

Book

Ruth

Billington, J. (2002). Ruth. In R. Clark, E. Elliott, J. Todd, & R. Clark (Eds.), The LIterary Encyclopedia (pp. n/a). n/a: The Literary Dictionary Company Ltd. Retrieved from http://www.literaryencyclopedia.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=2276

Chapter

2001

Cranford

Billington, J. (2001). Cranford. In R. Clark, E. Elliott, J. Todd, & R. Clark (Eds.), The Literary Encyclopedia (pp. n/a). n/a: The Literary Dictionary Company Ltd.. Retrieved from http://literaryencyclopedia.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=5808

Chapter

Elizabeth Gaskell

Billington, J. (2001). Elizabeth Gaskell. In R. Clark, E. Elliott, J. Todd, & R. Clark (Eds.), The Literary Encyclopedia (pp. n/a). n/a: The Literary Dictionary Company Ltd.. Retrieved from http://www.literaryencyclopedia.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1699

Chapter

Elizabeth Gaskell's 'The Life of Charlotte Bronte'

Billington, J. (2001). Elizabeth Gaskell's 'The Life of Charlotte Bronte'. In M. Jolly (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Life Writing (Vol. 1, pp. 355-356). London & Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn.

Chapter

Mary Barton

Billington, J. (2001). Mary Barton. In R. Clark, E. Elliott, J. Todd, & R. Clark (Eds.), The Literary Encyclopedia (pp. n/a). n/a: The Literary Dictionary Company Ltd.. Retrieved from http://www.literaryencyclopedia.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=3725

Chapter

North and South

Billington, J. (2001). North and South. In R. Clark, E. Elliott, J. Todd, & R. Clark (Eds.), The Literary Encyclopedia (pp. n/a). n/a: The Literary Dictionary Company Ltd.. Retrieved from http://www.literaryencyclopedia.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=3238

Chapter