Publications
Selected publications
- Integrin CD11b activation drives anti-tumor innate immunity (Journal article - 2018)
- Macrophage-derived granulin drives resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic pancreatic cancer (Journal article - 2018)
- Macrophage-secreted granulin supports pancreatic cancer metastasis by inducing liver fibrosis (Journal article - 2016)
- Macrophage PI3Kγ drives pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression (Journal article - 2016)
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and TLR/IL1 Rs Unexpectedly Activate Myeloid Cell PI3Kγ, A Single Convergent Point Promoting Tumor Inflammation and Progression (Journal article - 2011)
- Chemotherapy-induced infiltration of neutrophils promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis via Gas6/AXL signalling axis (Journal article - 2022)
2024
Expression of versican isoforms V0/V1 by pancreatic cancer associated fibroblasts increases fibroblast proliferation.
Elhashani, S., Glenn, M., Raymant, M., Schmid, M. C., & Mielgo, A. (2024). Expression of versican isoforms V0/V1 by pancreatic cancer associated fibroblasts increases fibroblast proliferation.. Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.], 24(5), 719-731. doi:10.1016/j.pan.2024.04.008
Efferocytosis reprograms the tumor microenvironment to promote pancreatic cancer liver metastasis.
Astuti, Y., Raymant, M., Quaranta, V., Clarke, K., Abudula, M., Smith, O., . . . Schmid, M. C. (2024). Efferocytosis reprograms the tumor microenvironment to promote pancreatic cancer liver metastasis.. Nature cancer, 5(5), 774-790. doi:10.1038/s43018-024-00731-2
Macrophage-fibroblast JAK/STAT dependent crosstalk promotes liver metastatic outgrowth in pancreatic cancer.
Raymant, M., Astuti, Y., Alvaro-Espinosa, L., Green, D., Quaranta, V., Bellomo, G., . . . Schmid, M. C. (2024). Macrophage-fibroblast JAK/STAT dependent crosstalk promotes liver metastatic outgrowth in pancreatic cancer.. Nature communications, 15(1), 3593. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47949-3
Abstract 1518: Understanding the role of VISTA in regulating T cells function and the therapeutic potential of blocking VISTA in triple negative breast cancer
Abudula, M., Astuti, Y., Raymant, M., Luckett, T., Freeman, P., Schmid, M., & Iza, A. M. (2024). Abstract 1518: Understanding the role of VISTA in regulating T cells function and the therapeutic potential of blocking VISTA in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Research, 84(6_Supplement), 1518. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-1518
Data from Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis
Luckett, T., Abudula, M., Ireland, L., Glenn, M., Bellomo, G., Stafferton, R., . . . Mielgo, A. (2024). Data from Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.c.7075692
Data from Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis
Luckett, T., Abudula, M., Ireland, L., Glenn, M., Bellomo, G., Stafferton, R., . . . Mielgo, A. (2024). Data from Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.c.7075692.v1
Mesothelin secretion by pancreatic cancer cells co-opts macrophages and promotes metastasis
Mielgo Iza, A. (n.d.). Mesothelin secretion by pancreatic cancer cells co-opts macrophages and promotes metastasis. Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-1542
Supplementary Data from Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis
Luckett, T., Abudula, M., Ireland, L., Glenn, M., Bellomo, G., Stafferton, R., . . . Mielgo, A. (2024). Supplementary Data from Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.25224576
Supplementary Data from Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis
Luckett, T., Abudula, M., Ireland, L., Glenn, M., Bellomo, G., Stafferton, R., . . . Mielgo, A. (2024). Supplementary Data from Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.25224576.v1
Supplementary Figure legends from Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis
Luckett, T., Abudula, M., Ireland, L., Glenn, M., Bellomo, G., Stafferton, R., . . . Mielgo, A. (2024). Supplementary Figure legends from Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.25224573
Inhibition of insulin-like growth factors increases production of CXCL9/10 by macrophages and fibroblasts and facilitates CD8+ cytotoxic T cell recruitment to pancreatic tumours
Freeman, P., Bellomo, G., Ireland, L., Abudula, M., Luckett, T., Oberst, M., . . . Mielgo, A. (n.d.). Inhibition of insulin-like growth factors increases production of CXCL9/10 by macrophages and fibroblasts and facilitates CD8+ cytotoxic T cell recruitment to pancreatic tumours. Frontiers in Immunology, 15. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382538
2023
PINCER (A Platform Study for solId orgaN CancERs): an agile pan-network platform study to deliver high-quality translational research
Jones, R. P., Mielgo, A., Schmid, M., Bury, D., Andrews, T., Burdak-Rothkamm, S., . . . Vimalachandran, D. (2023). PINCER (A Platform Study for solId orgaN CancERs): an agile pan-network platform study to deliver high-quality translational research. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY. doi:10.1093/bjs/znad097
2022
PI3Kγ stimulates a high molecular weight form of myosin light chain kinase to promote myeloid cell adhesion and tumor inflammation
Schmid, M. C., Kang, S. W., Chen, H., Paradise, M., Ghebremedhin, A., Kaneda, M. M., . . . Varner, J. A. (2022). PI3Kγ stimulates a high molecular weight form of myosin light chain kinase to promote myeloid cell adhesion and tumor inflammation. Nature Communications, 13(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29471-6
Efficacy of MDX-124, a novel anti-annexin-A1 antibody, in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer
Dempsey, F. C., Al-Ali, H., Crichton, S. J., Fabian, C., Roberts, E., Pepper, C., . . . Parris, C. N. (2022). Efficacy of MDX-124, a novel anti-annexin-A1 antibody, in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. In JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY Vol. 40. doi:10.1200/JCO.2022.40.4_suppl.590
Chemotherapy-induced infiltration of neutrophils promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis via Gas6/AXL signalling axis
Bellomo, G., Rainer, C., Quaranta, V., Astuti, Y., Raymant, M., Boyd, E., . . . Schmid, M. C. (n.d.). Chemotherapy-induced infiltration of neutrophils promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis via Gas6/AXL signalling axis. Gut. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325272
2020
Liver Tropism in Cancer: The Hepatic Metastatic Niche.
Mielgo, A., & Schmid, M. C. (2020). Liver Tropism in Cancer: The Hepatic Metastatic Niche.. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 10(3). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a037259
Blockade of Stromal Gas6 Alters Cancer Cell Plasticity, Activates NK Cells, and Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis.
Ireland, L., Luckett, T., Schmid, M. C., & Mielgo, A. (2020). Blockade of Stromal Gas6 Alters Cancer Cell Plasticity, Activates NK Cells, and Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis.. Frontiers in Immunology, 11. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00297
2019
Blockade of stromal Gas6 alters cancer cell plasticity, activates NK cells and inhibits pancreatic cancer metastasis
Ireland, L., Luckett, T., Schmid, M. C., & Mielgo, A. (2019). Blockade of stromal Gas6 alters cancer cell plasticity, activates NK cells and inhibits pancreatic cancer metastasis. doi:10.1101/732149
Macrophage-Mediated Subversion of Anti-Tumour Immunity
Quaranta, V., & Schmid, M. C. (2019). Macrophage-Mediated Subversion of Anti-Tumour Immunity. CELLS, 8(7). doi:10.3390/cells8070747
MST1R kinase accelerates pancreatic cancer progression via effects on both epithelial cells and macrophages
Babicky, M. L., Harper, M. M., Chakedis, J., Cazes, A., Mose, E. S., Jaquish, D. V., . . . Lowy, A. M. (2019). MST1R kinase accelerates pancreatic cancer progression via effects on both epithelial cells and macrophages. ONCOGENE, 38(28), 5599-5611. doi:10.1038/s41388-019-0811-9
2018
Integrin CD11b activation drives anti-tumor innate immunity
Schmid, M. C., Khan, S. Q., Kaneda, M. M., Pathria, P., Ryan, S., Louis, T. L., . . . Varner, J. A. (2018). Integrin CD11b activation drives anti-tumor innate immunity. Nature Communications, 9. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07387-4
Macrophage-derived granulin drives resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic pancreatic cancer
Quaranta, V., Rainer, C., Nielsen, S., Raymant, M., Ahmed, M., Engle, D., . . . Schmid, M. C. (2018). Macrophage-derived granulin drives resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Cancer Research, 78(15), 4253-4269. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-3876
F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>0</sub>-ATP Synthase Inhibitory Factor 1 in the Normal Pancreas and in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Effects on Bioenergetics, Invasion and Proliferation
Tanton, H., Voronina, S., Evans, A., Armstrong, J., Sutton, R., Criddle, D. N., . . . Tepikin, A. V. (2018). F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>0</sub>-ATP Synthase Inhibitory Factor 1 in the Normal Pancreas and in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Effects on Bioenergetics, Invasion and Proliferation. FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY, 9. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00833
Blockade of MIF-CD74 signalling on macrophages and dendritic cells restores the anti-tumour immune response against metastatic melanoma.
Figueiredo, C., Azevedo, R., Mousdell, S., Resende-Lara, P., Ireland, L., Santos, A., . . . Mielgo Iza, A. (2018). Blockade of MIF-CD74 signalling on macrophages and dendritic cells restores the anti-tumour immune response against metastatic melanoma.. Frontiers in Immunology, 9. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01132
Blockade of insulin-like growth factors increases efficacy of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer
Ireland, L., Santos, A., Campbell, F., Figueiredo, C., Hammond, D., Ellies, L. G., . . . Mielgo Iza, A. (2018). Blockade of insulin-like growth factors increases efficacy of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. Oncogene, 37(15), 2022-2036. doi:10.1038/s41388-017-0115-x
Interfering with MIF-CD74 signalling on macrophages and dendritic cells with a peptide-based approach restores the immune response against metastatic melanoma
2017
Macrophage-derived granulin drives resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic pancreatic cancer
Blockade of insulin-like growth factors increases efficacy of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer
Ireland, L., Santos, A., Campbell, F., Figueiredo, C., Ellies, L., Weyer-Czernilofsky, U., . . . Mielgo, A. (2017). Blockade of insulin-like growth factors increases efficacy of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. doi:10.1101/165068
Macrophages as Key Drivers of Cancer Progression and Metastasis.
Nielsen, S. R., & Schmid, M. C. (2017). Macrophages as Key Drivers of Cancer Progression and Metastasis. MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION, 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/9624760
2016
Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer Is Driven by Stroma-Derived Insulin-Like Growth Factors
Ireland, L., Santos, A., Ahmed, M. S., Rainer, C., Nielsen, S. R., Quaranta, V., . . . Mielgo, A. (2016). Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer Is Driven by Stroma-Derived Insulin-Like Growth Factors. Cancer Research, 76(23), 6851-6863. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1201
PI3Kγ is a molecular switch that controls immune suppression
Kaneda, M. M., Messer, K. S., Ralainirina, N., Li, H., Leem, C. J., Gorjestani, S., . . . Varner, J. A. (2016). PI3Kγ is a molecular switch that controls immune suppression. Nature, 539(7629), 437-442. doi:10.1038/nature19834
Macrophage PI3Kγ drives pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression
Schmid, M. C. (2016). Macrophage PI3Kγ drives pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression. Cancer Discovery, 6(8), 870-885. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-1346
Macrophage-secreted granulin supports pancreatic cancer metastasis by inducing liver fibrosis
Schmid, M. C., Nielsen, S. R., Quaranta, V., Rainer, C., Mielgo, A., Emeagi, P., . . . Engle, D. (2016). Macrophage-secreted granulin supports pancreatic cancer metastasis by inducing liver fibrosis. Nature Cell Biology, 18(5), 549-560. doi:10.1038/ncb3340
UHRF1 regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in pancreatic cancer contributes to oncogenesis
Abu-Alainin, W., Gana, T., Liloglou, L., Olayanju, A., Barrera Briceno, L., Ferguson, R., . . . Costello-Goldring, E. (2016). UHRF1 regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in pancreatic cancer contributes to oncogenesis. Journal of Pathology, 238(3), 423-433. doi:10.1002/path.4665
2015
Abstract IA22: Innate immune cell PI3K gamma as a target for suppression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Kaneda, M., Hardamon, C., Schmid, M. C., Bouvet, M., Novelli, F., Hirsch, E., . . . Varner, J. A. (2015). Abstract IA22: Innate immune cell PI3K gamma as a target for suppression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In Cancer Research Vol. 75 (pp. IA22). American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). doi:10.1158/1538-7445.panca2014-ia22
UHRF1 regulates the Keap1-Nrf2 cellular defence pathway in pancreatic cancer
Gana, T., Abu-Alainin, W., Liloglou, T., Barrera, L., Campbell, F., Andrews, T., . . . Costello, E. (2015). UHRF1 regulates the Keap1-Nrf2 cellular defence pathway in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology, 15(3), S29. doi:10.1016/j.pan.2015.05.132
2013
PI3Kα activates integrin α4β1 to establish a metastatic niche in lymph nodes
Garmy-Susini, B., Avraamides, C. J., Desgrosellier, J. S., Schmid, M. C., Foubert, P., Ellies, L. G., . . . Varner, J. (2013). PI3Kα activates integrin α4β1 to establish a metastatic niche in lymph nodes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 110(22), 9042-9047. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219603110
PI3-Kinase γ Promotes Rap1a-Mediated Activation of Myeloid Cell Integrin α4β1, Leading to Tumor Inflammation and Growth
Schmid, M. C., Franco, I., Kang, S. W., Hirsch, E., Quilliam, L. A., & Varner, J. A. (2013). PI3-Kinase γ Promotes Rap1a-Mediated Activation of Myeloid Cell Integrin α4β1, Leading to Tumor Inflammation and Growth. PLOS ONE, 8(4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060226
Impact of tumour associated macrophages in pancreatic cancer
Mielgo, A., & Schmid, M. C. (2013). Impact of tumour associated macrophages in pancreatic cancer. BMB REPORTS, 46(3), 131-138. doi:10.5483/BMBRep.2013.46.3.036
Impact of tumour associated macrophages in pancreatic cancer
Mielgo, A., & Schmid, M. C. (2013). Impact of tumour associated macrophages in pancreatic cancer. BMB Rep, 46(3), 131-138. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23527856
2012
Myeloid cells in tumor inflammation.
Schmid, M. C., & Varner, J. A. (2012). Myeloid cells in tumor inflammation.. Vascular cell, 4(1), 14. doi:10.1186/2045-824x-4-14
Abstract 411: PI3 Kinase gamma control of Arginase-1 expression promotes tumor immunosuppression
Schmid, M. C., Foubert, P., & Varner, J. A. (2012). Abstract 411: PI3 Kinase gamma control of Arginase-1 expression promotes tumor immunosuppression. Cancer Research, 72(8_Supplement), 411. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-411
Abstract 5228: Inhibition of myeloid cell PI3Kγ is a potential therapeutic approach to treat pancreatic cancer
Hardamon, C. R., Schmid, M. C., Lowy, A. M., Bouvet, M., & Varner, J. A. (2012). Abstract 5228: Inhibition of myeloid cell PI3Kγ is a potential therapeutic approach to treat pancreatic cancer. Cancer Research, 72(8_Supplement), 5228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5228
Caspase-8 isoform 6 promotes death effector filament formation independent of microtubules
Yuan, R. T., Young, S., Liang, J., Schmid, M. C., Mielgo, A., & Stupack, D. G. (2012). Caspase-8 isoform 6 promotes death effector filament formation independent of microtubules. APOPTOSIS, 17(3), 229-235. doi:10.1007/s10495-011-0677-y
2011
Combined Blockade of Integrin-α4β1 Plus Cytokines SDF-1α or IL-1β Potently Inhibits Tumor Inflammation and Growth
Schmid, M. C., Avraamides, C. J., Foubert, P., Shaked, Y., Kang, S. W., Kerbel, R. S., & Varner, J. A. (2011). Combined Blockade of Integrin-α4β1 Plus Cytokines SDF-1α or IL-1β Potently Inhibits Tumor Inflammation and Growth. CANCER RESEARCH, 71(22), 6965-6975. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-0588
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and TLR/IL1 Rs Unexpectedly Activate Myeloid Cell PI3Kγ, A Single Convergent Point Promoting Tumor Inflammation and Progression
Schmid, M. C., Avraamides, C. J., Dippold, H. C., Franco, I., Foubert, P., Ellies, L. G., . . . Varner, J. A. (2011). Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and TLR/IL1 Rs Unexpectedly Activate Myeloid Cell PI3Kγ, A Single Convergent Point Promoting Tumor Inflammation and Progression. CANCER CELL, 19(6), 715-727. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.04.016
2010
Myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment: modulation of tumor angiogenesis and tumor inflammation.
Schmid, M. C., & Varner, J. A. (2010). Myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment: modulation of tumor angiogenesis and tumor inflammation.. Journal of oncology, 2010, 201026. doi:10.1155/2010/201026
Integrin α4β1 Signaling Is Required for Lymphangiogenesis and Tumor Metastasis
Garmy-Susini, B., Avraamides, C. J., Schmid, M. C., Foubert, P., Ellies, L. G., Barnes, L., . . . Varner, J. A. (2010). Integrin α4β1 Signaling Is Required for Lymphangiogenesis and Tumor Metastasis. CANCER RESEARCH, 70(8), 3042-3051. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3761
2009
The Death Effector Domains of Caspase-8 Induce Terminal Differentiation
Mielgo, A., Torres, V. A., Schmid, M. C., Graf, R., Zeitlin, S. G., Lee, P., . . . Stupack, D. G. (2009). The Death Effector Domains of Caspase-8 Induce Terminal Differentiation. PLOS ONE, 4(11). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007879
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells.
Schmid, M. C., & Varner, J. A. (2009). Circulating endothelial progenitor cells.. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 467, 139-155. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-241-0_8
The Death Effector Domains of Caspase-8 Induce Terminal Differentiation
Mielgo, A., Torres, V. A., Schmid, M. C., Graf, R., Zeitlin, S. G., Lee, P., . . . Stupack, D. G. (n.d.). The Death Effector Domains of Caspase-8 Induce Terminal Differentiation. PLoS ONE, 4(11), e7879. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007879
2008
METHODS TO STUDY MYELOID CELL ROLES IN ANGIOGENESIS
Schmid, M. C., & Varner, J. A. (2008). METHODS TO STUDY MYELOID CELL ROLES IN ANGIOGENESIS. ANGIOGENESIS: IN VIVO SYSTEMS, PT B, 445, 343-371. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(08)03015-2
2007
Myeloid cell trafficking and tumor angiogenesis
Schmid, M. C., & Varner, J. A. (2007). Myeloid cell trafficking and tumor angiogenesis. CANCER LETTERS, 250(1), 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2006.09.002
2006
A translocated bacterial protein protects vascular endothelial cells from apoptosis
Schmid, M. C., Scheidegger, F., Dehio, M., Balmelle-Devaux, N., Schulein, R., Guye, P., . . . Dehio, C. (2006). A translocated bacterial protein protects vascular endothelial cells from apoptosis. PLOS PATHOGENS, 2(11), 1083-1097. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020115
2005
A bipartite signal mediates the transfer of type IV secretion substrates of <i>Bartonella henselae</i> into human cells
Schulein, R., Guye, P., Rhomberg, T. A., Schmid, M. C., Schröder, G., Vergunst, A. C., . . . Dehio, C. (2005). A bipartite signal mediates the transfer of type IV secretion substrates of <i>Bartonella henselae</i> into human cells. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 102(3), 856-861. doi:10.1073/pnas.0406796102
2004
The VirB type IV secretion system of <i>Bartonella henselae</i> mediates invasion, proinflammatory activation and antiapoptotic protection of endothelial cells
Schmid, M. C., Schulein, R., Dehio, M., Denecker, G., Carena, I., & Dehio, C. (2004). The VirB type IV secretion system of <i>Bartonella henselae</i> mediates invasion, proinflammatory activation and antiapoptotic protection of endothelial cells. MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, 52(1), 81-92. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2003.03964.x
2003
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 is overexpressed in endothelial cells of mouse breast tumor vessels
Schmid, M. C., Bisoffi, M., Wetterwald, A., Gautschi, E., Thalmann, G. N., Mitola, S., . . . Cecchini, M. G. (2003). Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 is overexpressed in endothelial cells of mouse breast tumor vessels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, 103(5), 577-586. doi:10.1002/ijc.10874
2000
Intussusceptive angiogenesis - Its role in embryonic vascular network formation
Djonov, V., Schmid, M., Tschanz, S. A., & Burri, P. H. (2000). Intussusceptive angiogenesis - Its role in embryonic vascular network formation. CIRCULATION RESEARCH, 86(3), 286-292. doi:10.1161/01.RES.86.3.286