Publications
2025
Synthetic Control Methods - Introduction
Zhang, X. (2025). Synthetic Control Methods - Introduction. Retrieved from https://www.ncrm.ac.uk/resources/online/all/?id=20854
Mobilising UK Data and AI for All with a National Grid of Civic Learning Systems
Buchan, I., Ainsworth, J., Angione, C., Ardern, K., Atkinson, K., Ball, S., . . . Zhang, X. (2025). Mobilising UK Data and AI for All with a National Grid of Civic Learning Systems (2025/03). https://www.thenhsa.co.uk/about/publications/: Northern Health Science Alliance. Retrieved from https://www.thenhsa.co.uk/
Impact of tiered restrictions in December 2020 on COVID-19 hospitalisations in England: a synthetic control study.
Zhang, X., Hungerford, D., Green, M., García-Fiñana, M., Buchan, I., & Barr, B. (2025). Impact of tiered restrictions in December 2020 on COVID-19 hospitalisations in England: a synthetic control study.. BMJ open, 15(1), e086802. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086802
2024
Association between social engagement frequency and depression among the older people in China: evidence from the 2011-2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.
Li, J., Zhang, X., & Barr, B. (2024). Association between social engagement frequency and depression among the older people in China: evidence from the 2011-2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.. BMJ public health, 2(2), e000601. doi:10.1136/bmjph-2023-000601
Inequalities in local government expenditure on environmental and regulatory services in England from 2009 to 2020: a longitudinal ecological study.
Murrell, L., Fahy, K., Clough, H. E., Gibb, R., Zhang, X., Chattaway, M. A., . . . Hungerford, D. (2024). Inequalities in local government expenditure on environmental and regulatory services in England from 2009 to 2020: a longitudinal ecological study.. BMJ public health, 2(2), e001144. doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-001144
Can self-testing be enhanced to hasten safe return of healthcare workers in pandemics? Random order, open label trial using two manufacturers' SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow devices concurrently and nested viral culture study.
Zhang, X., Cheyne, C. P., Jones, C., Humann, M., Leeming, G., Smith, C., . . . Buchan, I. E. (2024). Can self-testing be enhanced to hasten safe return of healthcare workers in pandemics? Random order, open label trial using two manufacturers' SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow devices concurrently and nested viral culture study.. BMC infectious diseases, 24(1), 1276. doi:10.1186/s12879-024-10155-z
Inequalities in local funding cuts to environmental and regulatory service expenditure in England
Inequalities in local funding cuts to environmental and regulatory service expenditure in England (2024). European journal of public health, 34(Suppl 3).
Social Class and Social Mobility Differences in Intergenerational Exchanges of Practical and Financial Support in the UK
Karagiannaki, E., Burchardt, T., & Zhang, X. (2024). Social Class and Social Mobility Differences in Intergenerational Exchanges of Practical and Financial Support in the UK. Retrieved from https://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/CASE/_NEW/PUBLICATIONS/abstract/?index=11182
Internal Migration and Urban Development: Recent Experiences of China
Zhang, X. N. (2023). Internal Migration and Urban Development: Recent Experiences of China. In Urban Dynamics, Environment and Health (pp. 605-623). Springer Nature Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-99-5744-6_27
Understanding the impact funding cuts on Environmental and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infections: a longitudinal ecological study
Murrell, L., Clough, H., Gibb, R., Zhang, X., Green, M., Chattaway, M., . . . Hungerford, D. (2024). Understanding the impact funding cuts on Environmental and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infections: a longitudinal ecological study. doi:10.3310/nihropenres.13426.2
2023
Evaluating the impact of using mobile vaccination units to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Cheshire and Merseyside, UK: a synthetic control analysis.
Zhang, X., Tulloch, J. S. P., Knott, S., Allison, R., Parvulescu, P., Buchan, I. E., . . . Barr, B. (2023). Evaluating the impact of using mobile vaccination units to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Cheshire and Merseyside, UK: a synthetic control analysis.. BMJ open, 13(10), e071852. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071852
Understanding the impact funding cuts on Environmental and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infections: a longitudinal ecological study.
Murrell, L., Clough, H., Gibb, R., Zhang, X., Green, M., Chattaway, M., . . . Hungerford, D. (2023). Understanding the impact funding cuts on Environmental and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infections: a longitudinal ecological study.. NIHR open research, 3, 41. doi:10.3310/nihropenres.13426.2
Understanding the impact of local funding cuts on environmental health and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infection outcomes: a longitudinal ecological study protocol
Murrell, L., Clough, H., Gibb, R., Zhang, X., Green, M., Chattaway, M., . . . Hungerford, D. (2023). Understanding the impact of local funding cuts on environmental health and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infection outcomes: a longitudinal ecological study protocol. doi:10.3310/nihropenres.13426.1
2022
A blueprint for synthetic control methodology: a causal inference tool for evaluating natural experiments in population health
Barr, B., Zhang, X., Green, M., & Buchan, I. (2022). A blueprint for synthetic control methodology: a causal inference tool for evaluating natural experiments in population health. BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 379. doi:10.1136/bmj.o2712
Impact of community asymptomatic rapid antigen testing on covid-19 related hospital admissions: synthetic control study
Zhang, X., Barr, B., Green, M., Hughes, D., Ashton, M., Charalampopoulos, D., . . . Buchan, I. (2022). Impact of community asymptomatic rapid antigen testing on covid-19 related hospital admissions: synthetic control study. BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 379. doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-071374
Data Study Group Final Report: Morrisons
Zhang, X. (n.d.). Data Study Group Final Report: Morrisons. doi:10.5281/zenodo.6498139
Evaluating the impacts of tiered restrictions introduced in England, during October and December 2020 on COVID-19 cases: a synthetic control study
Zhang, X., Owen, G., Green, M. A., Buchan, I., & Barr, B. (2022). Evaluating the impacts of tiered restrictions introduced in England, during October and December 2020 on COVID-19 cases: a synthetic control study. BMJ OPEN, 12(4). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054101
Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccines for reducing susceptibility to infection with the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2
Pattni, K., Hungerford, D., Adams, S., Buchan, I., Cheyne, C. P., García-Fiñana, M., . . . Sharkey, K. J. (n.d.). Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccines for reducing susceptibility to infection with the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2. BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(1). doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07239-z
2021
Evaluation of the impact of tiered restrictions introduced in England during October and December, 2020, on COVID-19 cases: a synthetic control study
Zhang, X., Owen, G., Green, M., Buchan, I., & Barr, B. (2021). Evaluation of the impact of tiered restrictions introduced in England during October and December, 2020, on COVID-19 cases: a synthetic control study. Lancet (London, England), 398(10313), S92.
Welfare within Families beyond Households: Intergenerational Exchanges of Practical and Financial Support in the UK
Burchardt, T., Steele, F., Grundy, E., Karagiannaki, E., Kuha, J., Moustaki, I., . . . Zhang, S. (2021). Welfare within Families beyond Households: Intergenerational Exchanges of Practical and Financial Support in the UK. LSE Public Policy Review, 2(1). doi:10.31389/lseppr.41
EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF TIERED RESTRICTIONS INTRODUCED IN ENGLAND, DURING OCTOBER AND DECEMBER 2020 ON COVID-19 CASES: A SYNTHETIC CONTROL STUDY
Zhang, X., Owen, G., Green, M., Buchan, I., & Barr, B. (2021). EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF TIERED RESTRICTIONS INTRODUCED IN ENGLAND, DURING OCTOBER AND DECEMBER 2020 ON COVID-19 CASES: A SYNTHETIC CONTROL STUDY. JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH, 75, A1. doi:10.1136/jech-2021-SSMabstracts.1
Evaluation of the impact of tiered restrictions introduced in England during October and December, 2020, on COVID-19 cases: a synthetic control study
Zhang, X., Owen, G., Green, M., Buchan, I., & Barr, B. (2021). Evaluation of the impact of tiered restrictions introduced in England during October and December, 2020, on COVID-19 cases: a synthetic control study. LANCET, 398, 92. Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
Evaluating the Impacts of Tiered Restrictions Introduced in England, During October and December 2020 on COVID-19 Cases: A Synthetic Control Study
Zhang, X., Owen, G., Green, M., Buchan, I., & Barr, B. (2021). Evaluating the Impacts of Tiered Restrictions Introduced in England, During October and December 2020 on COVID-19 Cases: A Synthetic Control Study. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3805859
2018
Analysing inter-provincial urban migration flows in China: A new multilevel gravity model approach
Zhang, X. N., Wang, W. W., Harris, R., & Leckie, G. (n.d.). Analysing inter-provincial urban migration flows in China: A new multilevel gravity model approach. Migration Studies. doi:10.1093/migration/mny026