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Saye Khoo

Professor Saye Khoo
MB,BS, MRCP, DTM&H, FRCP, MD, Diploma in Epidemiology

Contact

S.H.Khoo@liverpool.ac.uk

+44 (0)151 794 5560

Research

My Research Interests

My research centres on the therapeutics of Infectious diseases. I am particularly interested in

1 the pharmacology of antimicrobial drugs at their site of action, To study this, we use highly sensitive LC-MS/MS measurement of drug in plasma, body fluids (CSF, genital secretions, breast milk, urine), cells and tissues. Our externally accredited Bioanalytical Facility undertakes drug measurement to GCP standards

2 how (and why) drug exposure differs between individuals. This includes studies of special populations such as pregnant women, children, people with liver or organ dysfunction, extremes of body size and ages, and pharmacogenetic influences on drug exposure

3 drug-drug interactions involving HIV, hepatitis C and TB drugs. We have been involved in many clinical studies, and together with my colleague Professor David Back, have developed widely utilised prescribing support tools for iOS and Android smartphones (HIV iCharts; hep iCharts) and web-based resources eg HIV Drug interactions website and Hepatitis Drug Interactions website.

4 Antiretroviral deployment in sub-Saharan Africa, including interactions between HIV and TB therapy, non-communicable disease, pediatric therapy, perinatal transmission of HIV

5 the pharmacology of antiretroviral use as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreP)

6 quality of prescribing, medication error and long term adherence to antiviral therapy

This programme of work vitally depends on external collaborations, which we always welcome. We work particularly closely with colleagues at St Stephen's AIDS Trust, Imperial College/ St Mary's Hospital, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makarere University, the Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Unit in Blantyre, and Magee Women's Research Institute.

Research grants

Drug Optimisation in LMICs of Pregnant HIV women and their Infants: temporary switch to CAB/RPV long acting injections

UK RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

January 2024 - March 2029

Provision of a MassArray Mass-spectrometry based multiplex genotyping platform (Agena Biosciences).

MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

July 2023 - June 2025

A phase IIIB/IV randomised open-label trial to compare dolutegravir with pharmaco-enhanced darunavir versus dolutegravir with predetermined nucleosides versus recommended standard of care antiretroviral regimens in patients with HIV-1 infection who have failed recommended first line therapy.

UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES (AUSTRALIA)

March 2023 - December 2025

The impact of ectopic fat deposition on cardiac risk assessment in patients living with HIV. An MR spectroscopy cross-sectional analysis with HIV-negative individuals

BRITISH HIV ASSOCIATION (BHIVA) (UK)

December 2023 - December 2025

HIV Drug Interactions Research Programme - Ageing Tool

VIIV HEALTHCARE LIMITED (UK)

April 2011 - December 2023

HIV Drug Interactions Research Programme

GILEAD SCIENCES EUROPE LTD (UK)

January 2023 - December 2025

A randomized, double-blind (sponsor unblinded), placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single DOSE in fed state, and repeat doses of DNDI-6899 in healthy participants (Start Up)

DRUGS FOR NEGLECTED DISEASES INITIATIVE (DNDI) (SWITZERLAND)

October 2023 - November 2025

HIV Drug Interactions Research Programme

FRONTIER BIOTECHNOLOGIES (CHINA) 🚩

June 2022 - May 2027

Platform Adaptive trial of NOvel antiviRals for eArly treatMent of COVID-19 In the Community (PANORAMIC)

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE (UK)

October 2021 - March 2025

Preclinical and clinical testing of a repurposed drug for use as an early oral therapeutic for tropical snakebite

ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE(UK)

November 2021 - November 2022

Doravirine Dose Optimisation in Pregnancy (DoraDO Study)

MERCK SHARP & DOHME LTD (UK)

December 2021 - February 2026

Drug-drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and Dolutegravir-based ART in women of childbearing age in Botswana (CODA)

VIIV HEALTHCARE LIMITED (UK)

October 2021 - October 2025

New Branched Polymers Excipients and Emulsions for Enhanced Drug Delivery

ENGINEERING & PHYSICAL SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL

July 2018 - June 2023

VIrTUAL - Vulnerable populatIon TUberculosis AntiretroviraL

EUROPEAN AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CLINICAL TRIALS PARTNERSHIP (EDCTP) - (NETHERLANDS)

February 2018 - July 2024

A prospective, observational study to examine the effects of ageing on the clinical outcomes of people living with HIV in England and Ireland (POPPY)

JANSSEN-CILAG LIMITED (UK)

January 2017 - March 2023

The time to protection and adherence requirements of Raltegravir with or without 3TC in protection from HIV-1 infection (R-PREP)

MERCK SHARP & DOHME LTD (UK)

July 2017 - June 2020

Two-month Regimens Using Novel Combinations to Augment Treatment Effectiveness for drug-sensitive Tuberculosis (TRUNCATE)

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE (SINGAPORE)

September 2020 - August 2022

An open-label, multi-centre, randomised, switch study to evaluate the virological efficacy over 96 weeks of 2-drug therapy with DTG/RPV FDC in antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected subjects virologically suppressed with NNRTIs resistance mutation K103N (WISARD)

NEAT ID FOUNDATION (BELGIUM)

November 2018 - October 2023

Liverpool COVID-19 Drug Interactions

MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

June 2020 - June 2021

A randomised, controlled, open-label, phase II-III trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of regimens containing bedaquiline and pretomanid (PA-824) for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary multidrug resistant tuberculosis (TB-PRACTECAL)

MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES NEDERLAND (ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN) (NETHERLANDS)

February 2020 - February 2025

COVID-19 Drug Interactions Research Programme

ABBVIE LTD (UK), GILEAD SCIENCES EUROPE LTD (UK), GLAXOSMITHKLINE (UK), MERCK & CO., INC. (USA), NOVARTIS INTERNATIONAL AG (SWITZERLAND), PFIZER INC (USA), SHIONOGI B.V EUROPE - (NETHERLANDS)

March 2020 - June 2025

Assessing druGs for COVID19 In early cLinical phase Expeditiously (AGILE)

GLAXOSMITHKLINE (UK)

January 2021 - December 2022

Novel mechanisms contributing to failure of dolutegravir-containing cART in clinical practice

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (USA)

August 2019 - July 2025

A feasibility study to assess the effects of antiretroviral intensification with cenicriviroc for the management of HIV-associated cognitive impairment

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE (UK)

November 2016 - July 2018

Dolutegravir in Pregnant HIV mothers and Neonates (DolPHIN2)

UNITAID (SWITZERLAND)

December 2016 - July 2023

Computational models for the prediction of PK in special populations

UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL BASEL (SWITZERLAND)

January 2017 - January 2020

The Central Nervous System Effects of Two Different HIV-Integrase Inhibitor (INI) Containing Antiretroviral Regimens. ‘The CNS Integrase Inhibitor Study’

VIIV HEALTHCARE LIMITED (UK)

November 2016 - October 2017

Cancer Drug Interactions Research Programme

ABBVIE LTD (UK), BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB PHARMACEUTICALS LTD (UK), GILEAD SCIENCES EUROPE LTD (UK), IPSEN INNOVATION (FRANCE), RADBOUD UNIVERSITY (NETHERLANDS)

January 2017 - December 2023

Co-morbidity in relation to AIDS (COBRA)

RADBOUD UNIVERSITY (NETHERLANDS)

October 2016 - April 2019

Assessment of TMC-278LA

MAGEE-WOMENS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND FOUNDATION (MWRIF) (USA)

January 2012 - March 2017

Development of a urine-based point-of-care test for adherence to antiretroviral drugs

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (USA)

December 2015 - November 2021

St Stephens Aids Trust - SSAT trials

ST STEPHEN'S AIDS TRUST (UK)

April 2010 - March 2020

Paediatric European Network Treatment AIDS Laboratory Network: PENTA LAB NET

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

May 2008 - July 2012

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for HIV Protease Inhibitors.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE (UK)

February 2000 - January 2003

Wellcome Trust Clinical PhD Programme - Christopher Moxon

WELLCOME TRUST (UK)

August 2008 - July 2009

Protease inhibitors and drug disposition (PROCOM/FORTE Trial)

MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

October 1997 - December 2003

Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria

NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES COMMISSION (NIGERIA)

November 2014 - October 2017

Evaluating renal safety and novel biomarkers in Nigerian HIV infected patients exposed to Tenofovir

RIVERS STATE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (NIGERIA)

January 2013 - September 2016

Antiretroviral pharmacogenetics

ZARQA UNIVERSITY (JORDAN)

November 2014 - October 2017

Pharmacogenetics of antimicrobial drug-induced liver injury.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE (UK)

October 2004 - April 2008

Non-Attrition HAART nanoparticle therapies for HIV/AIDS Drug Delivery

ENGINEERING & PHYSICAL SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL

May 2009 - October 2012

The Pharmacology of Nevirapine in Malawian Patients: Implications for Dosing and Understanding of Hypersensitivity Reactions.

WELLCOME TRUST (UK)

September 2006 - October 2009

Pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic studies.

MONUMENT TRUST (UK)

August 2005 - April 2011

TAILoR (TelmisArtan and InsuLin Resistance in HIV): A dose-ranging Phase II randomised open trial of telmistartan as a strategy for the reduction of insulin resistance in HIV-positive individuals on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (CART)

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE (UK)

January 2012 - February 2020

Evaluation of the steady state pharmakinectics of second line antiretroviral drugs when administered under different meal conditions in HIV-infected Ugandan adults

INFECTIOUS DISEASES INSTITUTE (UGANDA)

September 2010 - December 2011

Wellcome Trust Clinical PhD Programme - Peter MacPherson

WELLCOME TRUST (UK)

August 2009 - July 2010

Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling to optimise treatments for HIV,TB and malaria

WELLCOME TRUST (UK)

November 2008 - October 2012

The Use of 'virtual' Inhibitory Quotients to Optimise HIV Treatment.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE (UK)

January 2003 - December 2009

Model-based preclinical development of anti-tuberculosis drug combinations (preDICT-TB)

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

May 2012 - October 2017

Wellcome Trust Clinical PhD Programme - Laura Benjamin

WELLCOME TRUST (UK)

August 2009 - July 2010

The pharmacology of HIV treatment failure.

BRITISH SOCIETY FOR ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (UK)

October 2001 - December 2008

Wellcome Trust Clinical PHD Programme - Derek Sloan

WELLCOME TRUST (UK)

August 2008 - July 2009

Intracellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy in relation to human drug transporters.

WELLCOME TRUST (UK)

March 2003 - March 2007

Bioanalytical facility for drugs and small molecules

ROYAL LIVERPOOL AND BROADGREEN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS NHS TRUST (UK)

July 2010 - June 2011

Wellcome Trust Clinical PhD Programme - Derek Sloan: Understanding mycobacterial persistence in sputum during treatment for tuberculosis

WELLCOME TRUST (UK)

August 2009 - July 2012

Wellcome Trust Clinical PhD Programme - Emma Wall

WELLCOME TRUST (UK)

October 2009 - September 2010

Wellcome Trust Clinical PHD Programme - Jamie Rylance

WELLCOME TRUST (UK)

August 2008 - July 2009

The Liverpool HIV TDM registry - Studying influences upon plasma HIV drug exposure.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE (UK)

September 2007 - August 2012

Pharmacogenetic predictors of antiretroviral drugs pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety during pregnancy and lactation

OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY (OAU) (NIGERIA)

September 2013 - September 2016

Influx and efflux transporters: a possible pharmacological determinant of HIV treatment failure.

AVERT (UK)

September 2000 - August 2003

PRe-exposure Option for reducing HIV in the UK: an open-label randomisation to immediate or Deferred daily Truvada for HIV negative gay men (PROUD)

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON (UK)

October 2013 - January 2016

Towards NanoMedicine Interventions for HIV/AIDS

ENGINEERING & PHYSICAL SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL

May 2012 - November 2016

Computer-aided decision support for electronic prescribing, dispensing and health records of HIV positive patients

LIVERPOOL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE (UK)

September 2011 - February 2013

Modulation of TB-HIV drug interaction by host genetic influences

MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

July 2010 - June 2013

Modelling adherence, pharmacokinetics and treatment outcomes in HIV therapy.

ROYAL LIVERPOOL AND BROADGREEN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS NHS TRUST (UK)

September 2003 - September 2008

Detection of minority strains of HIV harbouring drug resistance.

ROYAL LIVERPOOL AND BROADGREEN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS NHS TRUST (UK)

October 2002 - September 2005

Understanding cellular resistance - an important link to understanding virological resistance.

AVERT (UK)

September 2001 - August 2004

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Anti-HIV Drugs.

MONUMENT TRUST (UK)

October 1999 - September 2003

Factors influencing drug absorption from small bowel.

ROYAL LIVERPOOL AND BROADGREEN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS NHS TRUST (UK)

October 2006 - September 2008

Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of Atripla with and without food in HIV-1 infected Ugandan adults.

JOINT CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTRE (UGANDA)

September 2010 - December 2012

HIV-RT Inhibitor program

PROSARIX LTD (UK)

September 2010 - November 2010

Combined CSF Biomarkers of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HAND)

BRITISH HIV ASSOCIATION (BHIVA) (UK)

November 2011 - February 2014