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Sara Waring

Dr Sara Waring
PhD, C.Psychol, FHEA, PGCert L&T

Senior Lecturer in Investigative and Forensic Psychology
Psychology

Publications

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2024

The implementation and impact of JESIP in Merseyside. Perceptions and experiences of blue light and wider partner agencies. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service and Merseyside Resilience Forum.

Waring, S., Williams, K., & Vaughn-Chantler, E. (2024). The implementation and impact of JESIP in Merseyside. Perceptions and experiences of blue light and wider partner agencies. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service and Merseyside Resilience Forum..

Report

Examining staff perceptions of how well-prepared Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service is to respond to terrorist attacks. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service.

Waring, S., Cowan, M., & Worsley, S. (2024). Examining staff perceptions of how well-prepared Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service is to respond to terrorist attacks. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service..

Report

Examining the relationship between home fire safety checks and accidental dwelling fires in Merseyside. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service.

Waring, S. (2024). Examining the relationship between home fire safety checks and accidental dwelling fires in Merseyside. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service..

Report

“Stop and think”: Evaluating road safety education. National Safer Roads Partnership Conference Brochure.

Waring, S., & Almond, L. (2024). “Stop and think”: Evaluating road safety education. National Safer Roads Partnership Conference Brochure..

Other

Multi-agency responses to missing children investigations. Factors that facilitate and hinder multi-agency working in missing children investigations. Evidence published by the Welsh Parliament as part of their consultation on ‘children and young people on the margins’.

Monaghan, P., Waring, S., Giles, S., & O'Brien, F. (n.d.). Multi-agency responses to missing children investigations. Factors that facilitate and hinder multi-agency working in missing children investigations. Evidence published by the Welsh Parliament as part of their consultation on ‘children and young people on the margins’.. Retrieved from https://business.senedd.wales/

Report

Examining the effectiveness of an education-based road safety intervention and the design and delivery mechanisms that promote road safety in young people.

Waring, S., Almond, L., & Halsall, L. (2024). Examining the effectiveness of an education-based road safety intervention and the design and delivery mechanisms that promote road safety in young people.. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2024.07.019

DOI
10.1016/j.trf.2024.07.019
Journal article

An independent evaluation of Safe Drive Stay Alive in Greater Manchester. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Safer Roads Greater Manchester Partnership.

Waring, S., Almond, L., & Halsall, L. (n.d.). An independent evaluation of Safe Drive Stay Alive in Greater Manchester. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Safer Roads Greater Manchester Partnership..

Report

2023

Identifying facilitators and barriers to recruiting and supporting female firefighters in Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service.

Waring, S., Almond, L., Klingberg, S., & Pereira, E. (n.d.). Identifying facilitators and barriers to recruiting and supporting female firefighters in Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service.: Identifying facilitators and barriers to recruiting and supporting female firefighters in Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service..

Report

Interim report: Public perceptions of emergency preparedness communications.

Waring, S., Corcoran, R., & Clarke, L. (n.d.). Interim report: Public perceptions of emergency preparedness communications.: Interim report: Public perceptions of emergency preparedness communications. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Merseyside Resilience Forum..

Report

Missing children: Examining what factors affect the duration and likelihood of going repeatedly and chronically missing.

Waring, S., Williams, C., & Keeble, E. (n.d.). Missing children: Examining what factors affect the duration and likelihood of going repeatedly and chronically missing.: Missing children: Examining what factors affect the duration and likelihood of going repeatedly and chronically missing. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for South Wales Police..

Report

2022

The economic impact of prevention activities delivered by Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service

Waring, S., Carlton, P., Buchanan, V., & Giles, S. (2022). The economic impact of prevention activities delivered by Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service: Waring, S,, Carlton, P., Buchanan, V., & Giles, S. (2022). The economic impact of prevention activities delivered by Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service. Report produced by the University of Liverpool for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service..

Report

An Independent Review of Partnership Working in Response to Missing Children in South Wales. Report produced for South Wales Police.

Waring, S., Monaghan, P., Yates, A., Girgiel, N., Giles, S., & O'Brien, F. (2022). An Independent Review of Partnership Working in Response to Missing Children in South Wales. Report produced for South Wales Police.: An Independent Review of Partnership Working in Response to Missing Children in South Wales. Report produced for South Wales Police..

Report

An Independent Evaluation of ‘Is This OK?’ Reach, Process and Outcome. Report produced for the ‘ITOK?’ design and delivery team, Missing People, and Childline, NSPCC.

O'Brien, F., Waring, S., & Giles, S. (2022). An Independent Evaluation of ‘Is This OK?’ Reach, Process and Outcome. Report produced for the ‘ITOK?’ design and delivery team, Missing People, and Childline, NSPCC.: An Independent Evaluation of ‘Is This OK?’ Reach, Process and Outcome. Report produced for the ‘ITOK?’ design and delivery team, Missing People, and Childline, NSPCC..

Report

The role of information sharing on decision delay during multiteam disaster response (vol 22, pg 263, 2020)

Waring, S., Alison, L., Shortland, N., & Humann, M. (2022). The role of information sharing on decision delay during multiteam disaster response (vol 22, pg 263, 2020). COGNITION TECHNOLOGY & WORK, 24(2), 391. doi:10.1007/s10111-021-00689-6

DOI
10.1007/s10111-021-00689-6
Journal article

A New Missing Person Question Set Protocol for Missing Children Investigations: An Independent Pre-implementation Process Evaluation and Outcome Map. Report produced for Kent Police.

Giles, S., Oh, H. -K., Waring, S., & O'Brien, F. (2022). A New Missing Person Question Set Protocol for Missing Children Investigations: An Independent Pre-implementation Process Evaluation and Outcome Map. Report produced for Kent Police.: A New Missing Person Question Set Protocol for Missing Children Investigations: An Independent Pre-implementation Process Evaluation and Outcome Map. Report produced for Kent Police..

Report

Evaluating Emergency Service Response to COVID-19 in the UK and Internationally: A Scoping Review. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council.

Waring, S., Bromley, C., & Giles, S. (2022). Evaluating Emergency Service Response to COVID-19 in the UK and Internationally: A Scoping Review. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council.: Evaluating Emergency Service Response to COVID-19 in the UK and Internationally: A Scoping Review. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council..

Report

‘Listen to Me, Talk to Me, Care About Me.’ Identifying Mechanisms for Improving Trust with Young People from Alternative Education Provisions. Report produced for Alternative Education Provisions in the North West of England.

Cathers, S., Giles, S., O'Brien, F., & Waring, S. (2022). ‘Listen to Me, Talk to Me, Care About Me.’ Identifying Mechanisms for Improving Trust with Young People from Alternative Education Provisions. Report produced for Alternative Education Provisions in the North West of England.: ‘Listen to Me, Talk to Me, Care About Me.’ Identifying Mechanisms for Improving Trust with Young People from Alternative Education Provisions. Report produced for Alternative Education Provisions in the North West of England..

Report

An Independent Process Evaluation of Direct Access Information Sharing System Between Devon and Cornwall Police and the National Probation Service. Report produced for Devon and Cornwall Police.

Taylor, E., Giles, S., Almond, L., & Waring, S. (2022). An Independent Process Evaluation of Direct Access Information Sharing System Between Devon and Cornwall Police and the National Probation Service. Report produced for Devon and Cornwall Police.: An Independent Process Evaluation of Direct Access Information Sharing System Between Devon and Cornwall Police and the National Probation Service. Report produced for Devon and Cornwall Police..

Report

‘Breaking Down Walls’: An Independent Process and Outcome Evaluation of Early Help Surrey. Report produced for Surrey Police.

Giles, S., Almond, L., Skean, V., Joy, C., & Waring, S. (2022). ‘Breaking Down Walls’: An Independent Process and Outcome Evaluation of Early Help Surrey. Report produced for Surrey Police.: ‘Breaking Down Walls’: An Independent Process and Outcome Evaluation of Early Help Surrey. Report produced for Surrey Police..

Report

2021

Independent National Evaluation of the Fire and Rescue Service Response to the Early Phases of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council.

Waring, S., Bryce, I., Inns, M., Lister, C., & Stewart, G. (2021). Independent National Evaluation of the Fire and Rescue Service Response to the Early Phases of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council.: Independent National Evaluation of the Fire and Rescue Service Response to the Early Phases of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council..

Report

An Independent Process and Outcome Evaluation of the South Wales Police Missing Persons Team. Report produced for South Wales Police.

Waring, S., Fusco-Maguire, A., Conway, B., Bromley, C., Giles, S., & O'Brien, F. (2021). An Independent Process and Outcome Evaluation of the South Wales Police Missing Persons Team. Report produced for South Wales Police.: An Independent Process and Outcome Evaluation of the South Wales Police Missing Persons Team. Report produced for South Wales Police..

Report

An Independent Quantitative Process Evaluation of the National Fire and Rescue Service Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council.

Waring, S., Laveback, L., & Giles, S. (2021). An Independent Quantitative Process Evaluation of the National Fire and Rescue Service Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council.: An Independent Quantitative Process Evaluation of the National Fire and Rescue Service Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council..

Report

An Independent Qualitative Process Evaluation of the National Fire Chiefs Council Strategic Response to Covid-19. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council.

Waring, S., & O'Brien, J. (2021). An Independent Qualitative Process Evaluation of the National Fire Chiefs Council Strategic Response to Covid-19. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council.: An Independent Qualitative Process Evaluation of the National Fire Chiefs Council Strategic Response to Covid-19. Report produced for the National Fire Chiefs Council..

Report

2020

The Role of Information Sharing on Decision Delay in During Multiteam Disaster Response

Waring, S., Alison, L., Shortland, N., & Humann, M. H. D. (2020). The Role of Information Sharing on Decision Delay in During Multiteam Disaster Response. Cognition, Technology and Work, 22, 263-279. doi:10.1007/s10111-019-00570-7

DOI
10.1007/s10111-019-00570-7
Journal article

Independent Evaluation of Force Control Room Exercising in Relation to Marauding Terrorist Attack Incidents. Report produced for Northamptonshire Police.

Waring, S. (2020). Independent Evaluation of Force Control Room Exercising in Relation to Marauding Terrorist Attack Incidents. Report produced for Northamptonshire Police.: Independent Evaluation of Force Control Room Exercising in Relation to Marauding Terrorist Attack Incidents. Report produced for Northamptonshire Police..

Report

Facilitators and barriers to developing firefighter resilience

Conway, R. R., & Waring, S. (2020). Facilitators and barriers to developing firefighter resilience. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 30(3), 327-339. doi:10.1108/DPM-06-2018-0186

DOI
10.1108/DPM-06-2018-0186
Journal article

2019

Evaluating the Impact of Decision Logs on Firefighter Memory. Report for Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service and Mersey Fire and Rescue Service.

Waring, S., Brennan, C., & Storey, C. (2019). Evaluating the Impact of Decision Logs on Firefighter Memory. Report for Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service and Mersey Fire and Rescue Service.: Evaluating the Impact of Decision Logs on Firefighter Memory. Report for Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service and Mersey Fire and Rescue Service..

Report

Examining Facilitators and Barriers to Developing and Maintaining Psychological Resilience in UK Paramedics. Report produced for North West Ambulance Service.

Waring, S., & Parsonage, C. (2019). Examining Facilitators and Barriers to Developing and Maintaining Psychological Resilience in UK Paramedics. Report produced for North West Ambulance Service.: Examining Facilitators and Barriers to Developing and Maintaining Psychological Resilience in UK Paramedics. Report produced for North West Ambulance Service..

Report

Examining What Features of Mass Casualty Exercise Design are Important for Improving Practitioner Learning. Report produced for Public Health England.

Waring, S., Lino de Sousa, D., & Goodwin, D. (2019). Examining What Features of Mass Casualty Exercise Design are Important for Improving Practitioner Learning. Report produced for Public Health England.: Examining What Features of Mass Casualty Exercise Design are Important for Improving Practitioner Learning. Report produced for Public Health England..

Report

Facilitators and barriers to effective information sharing during international disaster response.

Waring, S., Humann, M., & Dawson, N. (2019). Facilitators and barriers to effective information sharing during international disaster response.. Journal of emergency management (Weston, Mass.), 17(6), 469-486. doi:10.5055/jem.2019.0440

DOI
10.5055/jem.2019.0440
Journal article

2018

Operation Raptor V Academic Evaluation. Report produced for the Metropolitan Police Service and Heathrow Airport LTD.

Alison, L., Humann, M., Waring, S., & Shortland, N. (n.d.). Operation Raptor V Academic Evaluation. Report produced for the Metropolitan Police Service and Heathrow Airport LTD.: Operation Raptor V Academic Evaluation. Report produced for the Metropolitan Police Service and Heathrow Airport LTD..

Report

Exercise Historian: Public Perceptions of Emergency response. Report produced for South Yorkshire Emergency Services.

Waring, S., Humann, M., Alison, L., & Zilinsky, T. (2018). Exercise Historian: Public Perceptions of Emergency response. Report produced for South Yorkshire Emergency Services.: Exercise Historian: Public Perceptions of Emergency response. Report produced for South Yorkshire Emergency Services..

Report

2017

Applying Psychological Science in Security and Intelligence Settings: The Value of Diverse Methodologies in Addressing Real-World Challenges

Humann, M. H. D., Alison, L., & Waring, S. (2017, May 28). Applying Psychological Science in Security and Intelligence Settings: The Value of Diverse Methodologies in Addressing Real-World Challenges [Conference Symposium]. APS Convention, Association for Psychological Sciences - Boston, USA.

Performance

2016

An Independent Debrief of the Bosley Mill Incident. Report produced for Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service.

Waring, S., & Swan, L. (n.d.). An Independent Debrief of the Bosley Mill Incident. Report produced for Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service.: An Independent Debrief of the Bosley Mill Incident. Report produced for Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service..

Report

Independent Evaluation of Measures in Place for Managing Resilience among UK Fire and Rescue Services. Report produced for London Fire Brigade and Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service.

Waring, S., & Conway, R. (n.d.). Independent Evaluation of Measures in Place for Managing Resilience among UK Fire and Rescue Services. Report produced for London Fire Brigade and Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service.: Independent Evaluation of Measures in Place for Managing Resilience among UK Fire and Rescue Services. Report produced for London Fire Brigade and Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service..

Report

Can you identify violent extremists using a screening checklist and open-source intelligence alone?

Egan, V., Cole, J., Cole, B., Alison, L., Alison, E., Waring, S., & Elntib, S. (n.d.). Can you identify violent extremists using a screening checklist and open-source intelligence alone?. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 3(1), 21-36. doi:10.1037/tam0000058

DOI
10.1037/tam0000058
Journal article

2015

Independent Evaluation of the Lifeline Family Based Domestic Abuse Intervention Programme. Report produced for East Cheshire Council.

Waring, S., McGuire, G., & Giles, S. (2015). Independent Evaluation of the Lifeline Family Based Domestic Abuse Intervention Programme. Report produced for East Cheshire Council.: Independent Evaluation of the Lifeline Family Based Domestic Abuse Intervention Programme. Report produced for East Cheshire Council..

Report

Independent Process Evaluation of Incident Command Training in Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service. Report produced for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service.

Waring, S., & Zilinsky, T. (2015). Independent Process Evaluation of Incident Command Training in Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service. Report produced for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service.: Independent Process Evaluation of Incident Command Training in Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service. Report produced for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service..

Report

Practitioner Perspectives: Safeguarding Children and Young People from Radicalisation. Report produced for Merseyside Local Authority.

Vaughn, L., Godfrey, B., Waring, S., & Mair, M. (2015). Practitioner Perspectives: Safeguarding Children and Young People from Radicalisation. Report produced for Merseyside Local Authority.: Practitioner Perspectives: Safeguarding Children and Young People from Radicalisation. Report produced for Merseyside Local Authority..

Report

Overcoming Inertia & Increasing Interoperability: Lessons from Ex. Joint Endeavour

Humann, M. H. D., Alison, L., & Waring, S. (2015, July 15). Overcoming Inertia & Increasing Interoperability: Lessons from Ex. Joint Endeavour. CFOA Incident Command Conference - Stratford-Upon-Avon, UK.

Conference Paper

Communicating risk in major incidents: The public's perception

Swan, L., Waring, S., Alison, L., & Beer, M. (2015). Communicating risk in major incidents: The public's perception. In 12th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, ICASP 2015.

Conference Paper

2014

The Efficacy of Rapport-Based Techniques for Minimizing Counter-Interrogation Tactics Amongst a Field Sample of Terrorists

Alison, L., Alison, E., Noone, G., Elntib, S., Waring, S., & Christiansen, P. (2014). The Efficacy of Rapport-Based Techniques for Minimizing Counter-Interrogation Tactics Amongst a Field Sample of Terrorists. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 20(4), 421-430. doi:10.1037/law0000021

DOI
10.1037/law0000021
Journal article

Report produced for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service in relation to Operation KMAF Warrior

Swan, L., Alison, L., Waring, S., Barrett-Pink, C., Mattalia, A., & Humann, M. (2014). Report produced for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service in relation to Operation KMAF Warrior: Report for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service in relation to Operation KMAF Warrior. Report produced for Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service..

Report

Whatever you say, say nothing: Individual differences in counter interrogation tactics amongst a field sample of right wing, AQ inspired and paramilitary terrorists

Alison, L., Alison, E., Noone, G., Elntib, S., Waring, S., & Christiansen, P. (2014). Whatever you say, say nothing: Individual differences in counter interrogation tactics amongst a field sample of right wing, AQ inspired and paramilitary terrorists. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 170-175. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.031

DOI
10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.031
Journal article

2012

When do we Believe Experts? The Power of the Unorthodox View

Alison, L., Almond, L., Christiansen, P., Waring, S., Power, N., & Villejoubert, G. (2012). When do we Believe Experts? The Power of the Unorthodox View. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, 30(6), 729-748. doi:10.1002/bsl.2030

DOI
10.1002/bsl.2030
Journal article

2011

The Impact of Accountability on Police Judgments and Decisions in Critical Incident Contexts

Waring, S. (2011). The Impact of Accountability on Police Judgments and Decisions in Critical Incident Contexts. (PhD Thesis, University of Liverpool).

Thesis / Dissertation

The value of simulation based training in reducing decision avoidance

Alison, L., & Waring, S. (2011). The value of simulation based training in reducing decision avoidance. Home Team Journal, 3, 102-113.

Journal article