Publications
2024
Favipiravir pharmacokinetics in Thai adults with mild <scp>COVID</scp>‐19: A sub‐study of interpatient variability and ethnic differences in exposure
Prasanchaimontri, I., Manosuthi, W., Pertinez, H., Owen, A., Niyomnaitham, S., Sirijatuphat, R., . . . Chokephaibulkit, K. (2024). Favipiravir pharmacokinetics in Thai adults with mild <scp>COVID</scp>‐19: A sub‐study of interpatient variability and ethnic differences in exposure. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, 12(6). doi:10.1002/prp2.1233
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of paired plasma-breast milk lamivudine data for estimation of infant exposure in breastfeeding mother-infant pairs.
Ojara, F. W., Kawuma, A. N., Nakalema, S., Kyohairwe, I., Nakijoba, R., Lamorde, M., . . . Waitt, C. (2024). Population pharmacokinetic modeling of paired plasma-breast milk lamivudine data for estimation of infant exposure in breastfeeding mother-infant pairs.. CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology. doi:10.1002/psp4.13274
Ronapreve (REGN-CoV; casirivimab and imdevimab) reduces the viral burden and alters the pulmonary response to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) in K18-hACE2 mice using an experimental design reflective of a treatment use case.
Tatham, L., Kipar, A., Sharp, J., Kijak, E., Herriott, J., Neary, M., . . . Owen, A. (2024). Ronapreve (REGN-CoV; casirivimab and imdevimab) reduces the viral burden and alters the pulmonary response to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) in K18-hACE2 mice using an experimental design reflective of a treatment use case.. Microbiology spectrum, 12(8), e0391623. doi:10.1128/spectrum.03916-23
Hyaluronidase impacts exposures of long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate in rodent models.
Sotrovimab Lacks Efficacy in Treatment of Syrian Golden Hamsters Infected With SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1
Tatham, L., Sharp, J., Neary, M., Herriott, J., Kijak, E., Gallardo-Toledo, E., . . . Owen, A. (2024). Sotrovimab Lacks Efficacy in Treatment of Syrian Golden Hamsters Infected With SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1. Poster session presented at the meeting of The 31st Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2024). Denver, US.
2023
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans.
Kinvig, H., Rajoli, R. K. R., Pertinez, H., Vora, L. K., Volpe-Zanutto, F., Donnelly, R. F., . . . Owen, A. (2023). Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans.. Pharmaceutics, 15(12), 2709. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15122709
Lack of antiviral activity of probenecid in vitro and in Syrian golden hamsters.
Box, H. J., Sharp, J., Pennington, S. H., Kijak, E., Tatham, L., Caygill, C. H., . . . Owen, A. (2023). Lack of antiviral activity of probenecid in vitro and in Syrian golden hamsters.. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, dkad362. doi:10.1093/jac/dkad362
Chemoprophylactic Assessment of Combined Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase and Exonuclease Inhibition in Syrian Golden Hamsters.
Gallardo-Toledo, E., Neary, M., Sharp, J., Herriott, J., Kijak, E., Bramwell, C., . . . Owen, A. (2023). Chemoprophylactic Assessment of Combined Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase and Exonuclease Inhibition in Syrian Golden Hamsters.. Viruses, 15(11), 2161. doi:10.3390/v15112161
Evaluation of Nafamostat as Chemoprophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hamsters
Neary, M., Sharp, J., Gallardo-Toledo, E., Herriott, J., Kijak, E., Bramwell, C., . . . Owen, A. (2023). Evaluation of Nafamostat as Chemoprophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hamsters. VIRUSES-BASEL, 15(8). doi:10.3390/v15081744
Quantitation of tizoxanide in multiple matrices to support cell culture, animal and human research
Neary, M., Arshad, U., Tatham, L., Pertinez, H., Box, H., Rajoli, R. K. R., . . . Owen, A. (2023). Quantitation of tizoxanide in multiple matrices to support cell culture, animal and human research. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, 1228. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123823
Using Dynamic Oral Dosing of Rifapentine and Rifabutin to Simulate Exposure Profiles of Long-Acting Formulations in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy
Chang, Y. S., Li, S. -Y., Pertinez, H., Betoudji, F., Lee, J., Rannard, S. P., . . . Ammerman, N. C. (2023). Using Dynamic Oral Dosing of Rifapentine and Rifabutin to Simulate Exposure Profiles of Long-Acting Formulations in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 67(7). doi:10.1128/aac.00481-23
Preclinical Evaluation of Long-Acting Emtricitabine Semi-Solid Prodrug Nanoparticle Formulations.
Curley, P., Hobson, J. J., Liptrott, N. J., Makarov, E., Al-Khouja, A., Tatham, L., . . . Owen, A. (2023). Preclinical Evaluation of Long-Acting Emtricitabine Semi-Solid Prodrug Nanoparticle Formulations.. Pharmaceutics, 15(7), 1835. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15071835
Using dynamic oral dosing of rifapentine and rifabutin to simulate exposure profiles of long-acting formulations in a mouse model of tuberculosis preventive therapy.
Ronapreve (REGN-CoV; casirivimab and imdevimab) reduces the viral burden and alters the pulmonary response to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) in K18-hACE2 mice using an experimental design reflective of a treatment use case.
FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2
Brevini, T., Maes, M., Webb, G. J., John, B. V., Fuchs, C. D., Buescher, G., . . . Sampaziotis, F. (2023). FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2. NATURE, 615(7950), 134-+. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05594-0
2022
Determination of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol in a Cross-Over Cynomolgus Macaque Model of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection
Sibley, L., White, A. D., Sarfas, C., Gullick, J., Gleeson, F., Lanni, F., . . . Sharpe, S. (2022). Determination of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol in a Cross-Over Cynomolgus Macaque Model of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection. PHARMACEUTICS, 14(12). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14122666
High Intrapulmonary Rifampicin and Isoniazid Concentrations Are Associated With Rapid Sputum Bacillary Clearance in Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis
McCallum, A. D., Pertinez, H. E., Chirambo, A. P., Sheha, I., Chasweka, M., Malamba, R., . . . Mwandumba, H. C. (2022). High Intrapulmonary Rifampicin and Isoniazid Concentrations Are Associated With Rapid Sputum Bacillary Clearance in Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis. CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 75(9), 1520-1528. doi:10.1093/cid/ciac228
Lack of antiviral activity of probenecid in Vero E6 cells and Syrian golden hamsters: a need for better understanding of inter-lab differences in preclinical assays.
An Open Label, Adaptive, Phase 1 Trial of High-Dose Oral Nitazoxanide in Healthy Volunteers: An Antiviral Candidate for SARS-CoV-2
Walker, L. E., FitzGerald, R., Saunders, G., Lyon, R., Fisher, M., Martin, K., . . . Fletcher, T. E. (2022). An Open Label, Adaptive, Phase 1 Trial of High-Dose Oral Nitazoxanide in Healthy Volunteers: An Antiviral Candidate for SARS-CoV-2. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, 111(3), 585-594. doi:10.1002/cpt.2463
2021
Optimal dose and safety of molnupiravir in patients with early SARS-CoV-2: a Phase I, open-label, dose-escalating, randomized controlled study
Khoo, S. H., Fitzgerald, R., Fletcher, T., Ewings, S., Jaki, T., Lyon, R., . . . Griffiths, G. (2021). Optimal dose and safety of molnupiravir in patients with early SARS-CoV-2: a Phase I, open-label, dose-escalating, randomized controlled study. JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 76(12), 3286-3295. doi:10.1093/jac/dkab318
Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics of First-line Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in Malawian Patients With Tuberculosis
McCallum, A. D., Pertinez, H. E., Else, L. J., Dilly-Penchala, S., Chirambo, A. P., Sheha, I., . . . Mwandumba, H. C. (2021). Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics of First-line Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in Malawian Patients With Tuberculosis. CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 73(9), E3365-E3373. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1265
An open label, adaptive, phase 1 trial of high-dose oral nitazoxanide in healthy volunteers: an antiviral candidate for SARS-CoV-2
Infant Exposure to Dolutegravir Through Placental and Breast Milk Transfer: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of DolPHIN-1
Dickinson, L., Walimbwa, S., Singh, Y., Kaboggoza, J., Kintu, K., Sihlangu, M., . . . Orrell, C. (2021). Infant Exposure to Dolutegravir Through Placental and Breast Milk Transfer: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of DolPHIN-1. CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 73(5), E1200-E1207. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1861
Pharmacokinetic modelling to estimate intracellular favipiravir ribofuranosyl-5′-triphosphate exposure to support posology for SARS-CoV-2
Pertinez, H., Rajoli, R. K. R., Khoo, S. H., & Owen, A. (2021). Pharmacokinetic modelling to estimate intracellular favipiravir ribofuranosyl-5′-triphosphate exposure to support posology for SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 76(8), 2121-2128. doi:10.1093/jac/dkab135
Evaluation of clinical and genetic factors in the population pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine
Yip, V. L. M., Pertinez, H., Meng, X., Maggs, J. L., Carr, D. F., Park, B. K., . . . Pirmohamed, M. (2021). Evaluation of clinical and genetic factors in the population pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, 87(6), 2572-2588. doi:10.1111/bcp.14667
Optimal dose and safety of molnupiravir in patients with early SARS-CoV-2: a phase 1, dose-escalating, randomised controlled study
Scalable nanoprecipitation of niclosamide and in vivo demonstration of long-acting delivery after intramuscular injection
Hobson, J. J., Savage, A. C., Dwyer, A., Unsworth, C., Massam, J., Arshad, U., . . . Rannard, S. (n.d.). Scalable nanoprecipitation of niclosamide and in vivo demonstration of long-acting delivery after intramuscular injection. Nanoscale. doi:10.1039/d1nr00309g
Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis
Rajoli, R. K. R., Pertinez, H., Arshad, U., Box, H., Tatham, L., Curley, P., . . . Owen, A. (2021). Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, 87(4), 2078-2088. doi:10.1111/bcp.14619
Scalable nanoprecipitation of niclosamide and in vivo demonstration of long-acting delivery after intramuscular injection
Hobson, J., Savage, A., Dwyer, A., Unsworth, C., Arshad, U., Pertinez, H., . . . Rannard, S. (2021). Scalable nanoprecipitation of niclosamide and in vivo demonstration of long-acting delivery after intramuscular injection. doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.13587035.v1
Scalable nanoprecipitation of niclosamide and in vivo demonstration of long-acting delivery after intramuscular injection
Hobson, J., Savage, A., Dwyer, A., Unsworth, C., Arshad, U., Pertinez, H., . . . Rannard, S. (2021). Scalable nanoprecipitation of niclosamide and in vivo demonstration of long-acting delivery after intramuscular injection. doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.13587035
Pharmacokinetic modelling to estimate intracellular favipiravir ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate exposure to support posology for SARS-CoV-2.
Pertinez, H., Rajoli, R. K., Khoo, S. H., & Owen, A. (2021). Pharmacokinetic modelling to estimate intracellular favipiravir ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate exposure to support posology for SARS-CoV-2.. medRxiv. doi:10.1101/2021.01.03.21249159
2020
Prioritisation of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Drug Repurposing Opportunities Based on Plasma and Target Site Concentrations Derived from their Established Human Pharmacokinetics.
Arshad, U., Pertinez, H., Box, H., Tatham, L., Rajoli, R. K., Curley, P., . . . Owen, A. (2020). Prioritisation of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Drug Repurposing Opportunities Based on Plasma and Target Site Concentrations Derived from their Established Human Pharmacokinetics.. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. doi:10.1002/cpt.1909
Dose Prediction for Repurposing Nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 Treatment or Chemoprophylaxis
Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis.
Rajoli, R. K., Pertinez, H., Arshad, U., Box, H., Tatham, L., Curley, P., . . . Owen, A. (2020). Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis.. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. doi:10.1101/2020.05.01.20087130
Modelling of Systemic versus Pulmonary Chloroquine Exposure in Man for COVID-19 Dose Selection
Aljayyoussi, G., Rajoli, R. K. R., Pertinez, H., Pennington, S., Hong, D., O’Neill, P., . . . Biagini, G. (2020). Modelling of Systemic versus Pulmonary Chloroquine Exposure in Man for COVID-19 Dose Selection. doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.20078741
Prioritisation of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug repurposing opportunities based on ability to achieve adequate plasma and target site concentrations derived from their established human pharmacokinetics
Arshad, U., Pertinez, H., Box, H., Tatham, L., Rajoli, R. K. R., Curley, P., . . . Owen, A. (2020). Prioritisation of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug repurposing opportunities based on ability to achieve adequate plasma and target site concentrations derived from their established human pharmacokinetics. doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.20068379
2019
Regrowth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Populations Exposed to Antibiotic Combinations Is Due to the Presence of Isoniazid and Not Bacterial Growth Rate
Hendon-Dunn, C. L., Pertinez, H., Marriott, A. A. N., Hatch, K. A., Allnutt, J. C., Davies, G., & Bacon, J. (2019). Regrowth of <i>Mycobacterium</i> <i>tuberculosis</i> Populations Exposed to Antibiotic Combinations Is Due to the Presence of Isoniazid and Not Bacterial Growth Rate. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 63(12). doi:10.1128/AAC.00570-19
Bedaquiline kills persistent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> with no disease relapse: an <i>in vivo</i> model of a potential cure
Hu, Y., Pertinez, H., Liu, Y., Davies, G., & Coates, A. (2019). Bedaquiline kills persistent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> with no disease relapse: an <i>in vivo</i> model of a potential cure. JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 74(6), 1627-1633. doi:10.1093/jac/dkz052
2018
Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Rifampin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Velasquez, G. E., Brooks, M. B., Coit, J. M., Pertinez, H., Vasquez, D. V., Garavito, E. S., . . . Mitnick, C. D. (2018). Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Rifampin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 198(5), 657-666. doi:10.1164/rccm.201712-2524OC
Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in adult TB patients and healthy volunteers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Stott, K. E., Pertinez, H., Sturkenboom, M. G. G., Boeree, M. J., Aarnoutse, R., Ramachandran, G., . . . Davies, G. (2018). Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in adult TB patients and healthy volunteers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 73(9), 2305-2313. doi:10.1093/jac/dky152
Linezolid pharmacokinetics in MDR-TB: a systematic review, meta-analysis and Monte Carlo simulation
Millard, J., Pertinez, H., Bonnett, L., Hodel, E. M., Dartois, V., Johnson, J. L., . . . Sloan, D. J. (2018). Linezolid pharmacokinetics in MDR-TB: a systematic review, meta-analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 73(7), 1755-1762. doi:10.1093/jac/dky096
Moxifloxacin Replacement in Contemporary Tuberculosis Drug Regimens Is Ineffective against Persistent<i> Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in the Cornell Mouse Model
Liu, Y., Pertinez, H., Davies, G. R., Gillespie, S. H., Coates, A. R., & Hua, Y. (2018). Moxifloxacin Replacement in Contemporary Tuberculosis Drug Regimens Is Ineffective against Persistent<i> Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in the Cornell Mouse Model. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 62(7). doi:10.1128/AAC.00190-18
Linezolid pharmacokinetics in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB): a systematic review, meta-analysis and Monte Carlo simulation
Millard, J., Pertinez, H., Bonnett, L. J., Hodel, E., Dartois, V., Johnson, J. L., . . . Sloan, D. (2018). Linezolid pharmacokinetics in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB): a systematic review, meta-analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.
Optimal doses of rifampicin in the standard drug regimen to shorten tuberculosis treatment duration and reduce relapse by eradicating persistent bacteria
Liu, Y., Pertinez, H., Ortega-Muro, F., Alameda-Martin, L., Harrison, T., Davies, G., . . . Hu, Y. (2018). Optimal doses of rifampicin in the standard drug regimen to shorten tuberculosis treatment duration and reduce relapse by eradicating persistent bacteria. JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 73(3), 724-731. doi:10.1093/jac/dkx467
2017
Assessment of treatment response by colony forming units, time to culture positivity and the molecular bacterial load assay compared in a mouse tuberculosis model
de Knegt, G. J., Dickinson, L., Pertinez, H., Evangelopoulos, D., McHugh, T. D., Bakker-Woudenberg, I. A. J. M., . . . de Steenwinkel, J. E. M. (2017). Assessment of treatment response by colony forming units, time to culture positivity and the molecular bacterial load assay compared in a mouse tuberculosis model. TUBERCULOSIS, 105, 113-118. doi:10.1016/j.tube.2017.05.002
A longitudinal modelling study estimates acute symptoms of community acquired pneumonia recover to baseline by 10 days
Wootton, D. G., Dickinson, L., Pertinez, H., Court, J., Eneje, O., Keogan, L., . . . Diggle, P. J. (2017). A longitudinal modelling study estimates acute symptoms of community acquired pneumonia recover to baseline by 10 days. European Respiratory Journal, 49(6). doi:10.1183/13993003.02170-2016
2016
A combination of clinical and genetic covariates significantly influence the metabolism of carbamazepine: potential implications for carbamazepine hypersensitivity
Yip, V. L. M., Meng, X., Maggs, J. L., Pertinez, H., Carr, D. F., Marson, A. G., . . . Pirmohamed, M. (2016). A combination of clinical and genetic covariates significantly influence the metabolism of carbamazepine: potential implications for carbamazepine hypersensitivity. London, UK.
Investigation of Elimination Rate, Persistent Subpopulation Removal, and Relapse Rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Using Combinations of First-Line Drugs in a Modified Cornell Mouse Model
Hu, Y., Pertinez, H., Ortega-Muro, F., Alameda-Martin, L., Liu, Y., Schipani, A., . . . Coates, A. (2016). Investigation of Elimination Rate, Persistent Subpopulation Removal, and Relapse Rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Using Combinations of First-Line Drugs in a Modified Cornell Mouse Model. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 60(8), 4778-4785. doi:10.1128/AAC.02548-15
A simultaneous population pharmacokinetic analysis of rifampicin in Malawian adults and children
Schipani, A., Pertinez, H., Mlota, R., Molyneux, E., Lopez, N., Dzinjalamala, F. K., . . . Davies, G. (2016). A simultaneous population pharmacokinetic analysis of rifampicin in Malawian adults and children. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, 81(4), 679-687. doi:10.1111/bcp.12848
2015
Empirical and semi-mechanistic modelling of double-peaked pharmacokinetic profile phenomenon due to gastric emptying.
Ogungbenro, K., Pertinez, H., & Aarons, L. (2015). Empirical and semi-mechanistic modelling of double-peaked pharmacokinetic profile phenomenon due to gastric emptying.. The AAPS journal, 17(1), 227-236. doi:10.1208/s12248-014-9693-5
2013
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for strontium exposure in rat.
Pertinez, H., Chenel, M., & Aarons, L. (2013). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for strontium exposure in rat.. Pharmaceutical research, 30(6), 1536-1552. doi:10.1007/s11095-013-0991-x
2012
Progress curve mechanistic modeling approach for assessing time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4.
Burt, H. J., Pertinez, H., Säll, C., Collins, C., Hyland, R., Houston, J. B., & Galetin, A. (2012). Progress curve mechanistic modeling approach for assessing time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4.. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 40(9), 1658-1667. doi:10.1124/dmd.112.046078
2011
Simulation of human intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of 21 diverse compounds using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling.
Jones, H. M., Gardner, I. B., Collard, W. T., Stanley, P. J., Oxley, P., Hosea, N. A., . . . Cole, S. (2011). Simulation of human intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of 21 diverse compounds using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling.. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 50(5), 331-347. doi:10.2165/11539680-000000000-00000
2010
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of alpha interferon response induced by a Toll-like 7 receptor agonist in mice.
Benson, N., de Jongh, J., Duckworth, J. D., Jones, H. M., Pertinez, H. E., Rawal, J. K., . . . Van der Graaf, P. H. (2010). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of alpha interferon response induced by a Toll-like 7 receptor agonist in mice.. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 54(3), 1179-1185. doi:10.1128/aac.00551-09