Publications
2024
Understanding the impact funding cuts on Environmental and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infections: a longitudinal ecological study
Murrell, L., Clough, H., Gibb, R., Zhang, X., Green, M., Chattaway, M., . . . Hungerford, D. (2024). Understanding the impact funding cuts on Environmental and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infections: a longitudinal ecological study. doi:10.3310/nihropenres.13426.2
2023
Comparison of statistical approaches to predicting norovirus laboratory reports before and during COVID-19: insights to inform public health surveillance.
Ondrikova, N., Clough, H., Douglas, A., Vivancos, R., Itturiza-Gomara, M., Cunliffe, N., & Harris, J. P. (2023). Comparison of statistical approaches to predicting norovirus laboratory reports before and during COVID-19: insights to inform public health surveillance.. Scientific reports, 13(1), 21457. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48069-6
Pint of Science festival - "What's in a number? Making sense of risk".
Clough, H. (2023, May 24). Pint of Science festival - "What's in a number? Making sense of risk". [Science public engagement festival - presentation]. Tempest on Tithebarn, Liverpool.
Predicting Norovirus in England Using Existing and Emerging Syndromic Data: Infodemiology Study.
Ondrikova, N., Harris, J. P., Douglas, A., Hughes, H. E., Iturriza-Gomara, M., Vivancos, R., . . . Clough, H. E. (2023). Predicting Norovirus in England Using Existing and Emerging Syndromic Data: Infodemiology Study.. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e37540. doi:10.2196/37540
Understanding the impact of local funding cuts on environmental health and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infection outcomes: a longitudinal ecological study protocol
Murrell, L., Clough, H., Gibb, R., Zhang, X., Green, M., Chattaway, M., . . . Hungerford, D. (2023). Understanding the impact of local funding cuts on environmental health and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infection outcomes: a longitudinal ecological study protocol. doi:10.3310/nihropenres.13426.1
2022
Predicting Norovirus in England Using Existing and Emerging Syndromic Data: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
2021
Diagnosis of Bovine Digital Dermatitis: Exploring the Usefulness of Indirect ELISA
Afonso, J. S., Oikonomou, G., Carter, S., Clough, H. E., Griffiths, B. E., & Rushton, J. (2021). Diagnosis of Bovine Digital Dermatitis: Exploring the Usefulness of Indirect ELISA. FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 8. doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.728691
Differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on laboratory reporting of norovirus and <i>Campylobacter</i> in England: A modelling approach
Ondrikova, N., Clough, H. E., Douglas, A., Iturriza-Gomara, M., Larkin, L., Vivancos, R., . . . Cunliffe, N. A. (2021). Differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on laboratory reporting of norovirus and <i>Campylobacter</i> in England: A modelling approach. PLOS ONE, 16(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256638
Understanding norovirus reporting patterns in England: a mixed model approach
Ondrikova, N., Clough, H. E., Cunliffe, N. A., Iturriza-Gomara, M., Vivancos, R., & Harris, J. P. (2021). Understanding norovirus reporting patterns in England: a mixed model approach. BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, 21(1). doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11317-3
Societal Impacts of Pandemics: Comparing COVID-19 With History to Focus Our Response
Patterson, G. E., McIntyre, K. M., Clough, H. E., & Rushton, J. (2021). Societal Impacts of Pandemics: Comparing COVID-19 With History to Focus Our Response. FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH, 9. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.630449
Use of routine death and illness surveillance data to provide insight for UK pandemic planning: lessons from COVID-19
Clough, H. E., McIntyre, K. M., Patterson, G. E., Harris, J. P., & Rushton, J. (2021). Use of routine death and illness surveillance data to provide insight for UK pandemic planning: lessons from COVID-19. BMJ OPEN, 11(2). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044707
2020
Profiling Detection and Classification of Lameness Methods in British Dairy Cattle Research: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Afonso, J., Bruce, M., Keating, P., Raboisson, D., Clough, H., Oikonomou, G., & Rushton, J. (n.d.). Profiling Detection and Classification of Lameness Methods in British Dairy Cattle Research: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7. doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00542
Coronavirus: patterns of illness and death mainly mirror what was already happening before the pandemic
McIntyre, K., Clough, H., Thaxton, G., Harris, J., & Rushton, J. (2020). Coronavirus: patterns of illness and death mainly mirror what was already happening before the pandemic. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/
<i>Fasciola hepatica</i> in UK horses
Howell, A. K., Malalana, F., Beesley, N. J., Hodgkinson, J. E., Rhodes, H., Sekiya, M., . . . Williams, D. J. L. (2020). <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> in UK horses. EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, 52(2), 194-199. doi:10.1111/evj.13149
2019
Symptom profiling for infectious intestinal disease (IID): a secondary data analysis of the IID2 study
Donaldson, A., Clough, H., O'Brien, S., & Harris, J. P. (2019). Symptom profiling for infectious intestinal disease (IID): a secondary data analysis of the IID2 study. Epidemiology and Infection, 147. doi:10.1017/S0950268819001201
Estimating the burden of care home gastroenteritis outbreaks in England, 2014–2016
Inns, T., Clough, H. E., Harris, J. P., Vivancos, R., Adams, N., & O'Brien, S. J. (2019). Estimating the burden of care home gastroenteritis outbreaks in England, 2014–2016. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19. doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3642-3
2018
The use of capture-recapture methods to provide better estimates of the burden of norovirus outbreaks from seafood in England, 2004-2011
Hardstaff, J. L., Clough, H. E., Harris, J. P., Lowther, J. A., Lees, D. N., & O'Brien, S. J. (2019). The use of capture-recapture methods to provide better estimates of the burden of norovirus outbreaks from seafood in England, 2004-2011. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION, 147. doi:10.1017/S0950268818003217
Foodborne and Food-Handler Norovirus Outbreaks: A Systematic Review
Hardstaff, J. L., Clough, H. E., Lutje, V., McIntyre, K. M., Harris, J. P., Garner, P., & O'Brien, S. J. (2018). Foodborne and Food-Handler Norovirus Outbreaks: A Systematic Review. FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE, 15(10), 589-597. doi:10.1089/fpd.2018.2452
Development and validation of a protocol to identify and recruit participants into a large scale study on liver fluke in cattle
McCann, C. M., Clough, H. E., Baylis, M., & Williams, D. J. L. (2018). Development and validation of a protocol to identify and recruit participants into a large scale study on liver fluke in cattle. BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH, 14. doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1511-3
Development and validation of a protocol to identify and recruit participants into a large scale study on liver fluke in cattle
McCann, C., Clough, H., Baylis, M., & Williams, D. J. L. (2018). Development and validation of a protocol to identify and recruit participants into a large scale study on liver fluke in cattle. BMC Veterinary Research. doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1511-3.
Erratum for Graham-Brown et al., “Dairy Heifers Naturally Exposed to Fasciola hepatica Develop a Type 2 Immune Response and Concomitant Suppression of Leukocyte Proliferation”
Graham-Brown, J., Hartley, C., Clough, H., Kadioglu, A., Baylis, M., & Williams, D. J. L. (2018). Erratum for Graham-Brown et al., “Dairy Heifers Naturally Exposed to Fasciola hepatica Develop a Type 2 Immune Response and Concomitant Suppression of Leukocyte Proliferation”. Infection and Immunity, 86(6). doi:10.1128/IAI.00247-18
Dairy heifers naturally exposed to Fasciola hepatica develop a type-2 immune response and concomitant suppression of leukocyte proliferation.
Graham-Brown, J., Hartley, C., Clough, H., Kadioglu, A., Baylis, M., & Williams, D. J. L. (2018). Dairy heifers naturally exposed to Fasciola hepatica develop a type-2 immune response and concomitant suppression of leukocyte proliferation.. Infection and Immunity, 86(1). doi:10.1128/iai.00607-17
2017
Study on the impact of liver fluke infection on the welfare of horses
Howell, A., Williams, D., Malalana, F., Archer, D., Hodgkinson, J., & Clough, H. (2017). Study on the impact of liver fluke infection on the welfare of horses. VETERINARY RECORD, 180(12). doi:10.1136/vr.j1405
2015
Sero-surveillance and risk factors for avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus in backyard poultry in Oman
Al Shekaili, T., Clough, H., Ganapathy, K., & Baylis, M. (2015). Sero-surveillance and risk factors for avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus in backyard poultry in Oman. PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE, 122(1-2), 145-153. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.09.011
2014
Effect of climate on performance parameters in outdoor pig herds in East Anglia
Bell, H., Clough, H. E., & Jones, P. H. (2014). Effect of climate on performance parameters in outdoor pig herds in East Anglia.
2013
Semi-stochastic models for <i>Salmonella</i> infection within finishing pig units in the UK
Berriman, A. D. C., Clancy, D., Clough, H. E., & Christley, R. M. (2013). Semi-stochastic models for <i>Salmonella</i> infection within finishing pig units in the UK. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES, 245(2), 148-156. doi:10.1016/j.mbs.2013.06.004
Effectiveness of Simulated Interventions in Reducing the Estimated Prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> in UK Pig Herds
Berriman, A. D. C., Clancy, D., Clough, H. E., Armstrong, D., & Christley, R. M. (2013). Effectiveness of Simulated Interventions in Reducing the Estimated Prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> in UK Pig Herds. PLOS ONE, 8(6). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066054
2012
Spatial and temporal patterns in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium in cattle in England and Wales.
Cox, R., Su, T., Clough, H., Woodward, M. J., & Sherlock, C. (2012). Spatial and temporal patterns in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium in cattle in England and Wales.. Epidemiology and infection, 140(11), 2062-2073. doi:10.1017/s0950268811002755
2011
The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> in sympatric wild rodents varies by season and host
Williams, N. J., Sherlock, C., Jones, T. R., Clough, H. E., Telfer, S. E., Begon, M., . . . Bennett, M. (2011). The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> in sympatric wild rodents varies by season and host. JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, 110(4), 962-970. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04952.x
2010
Analysis of meat juice ELISA results and questionnaire data to investigate farm-level risk factors for Salmonella infection in UK pigs.
Smith, R. P., Clough, H. E., & Cook, A. J. C. (2010). Analysis of meat juice ELISA results and questionnaire data to investigate farm-level risk factors for Salmonella infection in UK pigs.. Zoonoses and public health, 57 Suppl 1, 39-48. doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01362.x
2009
Case studies in Bayesian microbial risk assessments
Kennedy, M. C., Clough, H. E., & Turner, J. (2009). Case studies in Bayesian microbial risk assessments. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, 8. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S19
Review of diffusion models for the social amplification of risk of food-borne zoonoses
Mehers, J. P., Clough, H. E., & Christley, R. M. (2009). Review of diffusion models for the social amplification of risk of food-borne zoonoses. In SAFETY, RELIABILITY AND RISK ANALYSIS: THEORY, METHODS AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-4 (pp. 2317-2324). Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
Spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of Salmonella infection in dairy herds in England and Wales.
Fenton, S. E., Clough, H. E., Diggle, P. J., Evans, S. J., Davison, H. C., Vink, W. D., & French, N. P. (2009). Spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of Salmonella infection in dairy herds in England and Wales.. Epidemiology and infection, 137(6), 847-857. doi:10.1017/s0950268808001349
Quantifying exposure to Vero-cytotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 in milk sold as pasteurized: A model-based approach
Clough, H. E., Clancy, D., & French, N. P. (2009). Quantifying exposure to Vero-cytotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 in milk sold as pasteurized: A model-based approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY, 131(2-3), 95-105. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.12.036
Antimicrobial use in companion animal and equine practice
Hughes, L., Dawson, S., Clegg, P., Pinchbeck, G., Nuttall, T., Clough, H., & Williams, N. J. (2009). Antimicrobial use in companion animal and equine practice. VETERINARY RECORD, 164(19), 604. doi:10.1136/vr.164.19.604
Evidence from the UK Zoonoses Action Plan in favour of localised anomalies of Salmonella infection on United Kingdom pig farms.
Clough, H. E., Fenton, S. E., French, N. P., Miller, A. J., & Cook, A. J. C. (2009). Evidence from the UK Zoonoses Action Plan in favour of localised anomalies of Salmonella infection on United Kingdom pig farms.. Preventive veterinary medicine, 89(1-2), 67-74. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.01.008
Bayesian Approaches in Microbial Risk Assessment
Oakley, J. E., & Clough, H. E. (2009). Bayesian Approaches in Microbial Risk Assessment. In A. O'Hagan, & M. West (Eds.), Handbook of Applied Bayesian Analysis (pp. 15). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Review of diffusion models for the social amplification of risk of food-borne zonooses
Mehers, J. P., Clough, H. E., & Christley, R. M. (2009). Review of diffusion models for the social amplification of risk of food-borne zonooses. Safety, reliability and risk analysis: theory, methods and applications, 1-4(2317-2).
2007
Ecological differences and coexistence in a guild of microparasites: Bartonella in wild rodents
Telfer, S., Clough, H. E., Birtles, R. J., Bennett, M., Carslake, D., Helyar, S., & Begon, M. (2007). Ecological differences and coexistence in a guild of microparasites: Bartonella in wild rodents. Ecology, 88(7), 1841-1849.
Ecological differences and coexistence in a guild of microparasites:: <i>Bartonella</i> in wild rodents
Telfer, S., Clough, H. E., Birtles, R. J., Bennett, M., Carslake, D., Helyar, S., & Begon, M. (2007). Ecological differences and coexistence in a guild of microparasites:: <i>Bartonella</i> in wild rodents. ECOLOGY, 88(7), 1841-1849. doi:10.1890/06-1004.1
ZAP: The role of routine surveillance data in understanding the geography and timing of Salmonella on UK pig farms.
Clough, H., Sanderson, J., Brown, P., Miller, A., & Cook, A. J. C. (n.d.). ZAP: The role of routine surveillance data in understanding the geography and timing of Salmonella on UK pig farms.. In International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork (pp. 69-72). Iowa State University, Digital Press. doi:10.31274/safepork-180809-94
2006
Vero-cytotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 in pasteurized milk containers at the point of retail:: A qualitative approach to exposure assessment
Clough, H. E., Clancy, D., & French, N. P. (2006). Vero-cytotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 in pasteurized milk containers at the point of retail:: A qualitative approach to exposure assessment. RISK ANALYSIS, 26(5), 1291-1309. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00825.x
Is equine colic seasonal? Novel application of a model based approach.
Archer, D. C., Pinchbeck, G. L., Proudman, C. J., & Clough, H. E. (2006). Is equine colic seasonal? Novel application of a model based approach.. BMC veterinary research, 2, 27. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-2-27
Scientific Report on Animal health and welfare risks associated with the import of wild birds other than poultry into the European Union
Various. (2006). Scientific Report on Animal health and welfare risks associated with the import of wild birds other than poultry into the European Union. Parma: EFSA.
Strain-typing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Using Replicated Spatial Data
Webster, S., Diggle, P. J., Clough, H. E., Green, R. B., & French, N. P. (n.d.). Strain-typing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Using Replicated Spatial Data. In Lecture Notes in Statistics (pp. 197-214). Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/0-387-31144-0_11
Strain-typing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies using replicated spatial data
Webster, S., Diggle, P. J., Clough, H. E., Green, R. B., & French, N. P. (2006). Strain-typing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies using replicated spatial data. In A. J. Baddeley, P. Gregori, J. Mateu, R. Stoica, & D. Stoyan (Eds.), Case studies in spatial point process models (pp. 320). London: Springer Verlag.
2005
Prevalence and genetic diversity of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. in environmental water samples from a 100-square-kilometer predominantly dairy farming area
Kemp, R., Leatherbarrow, A. J. H., Williams, L. J., Hart, C. A., Clough, H. E., Turner, J., . . . French, N. P. (2005). Prevalence and genetic diversity of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. in environmental water samples from a 100-square-kilometer predominantly dairy farming area. APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 71(4), 1876-1882. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.4.1876-1882.2005
Quantifying uncertainty associated with microbial count data: A Bayesian approach
Clough, H. E., Clancy, D., O'Neill, P. D., Robinson, S. E., & French, N. P. (2005). Quantifying uncertainty associated with microbial count data: A Bayesian approach. BIOMETRICS, 61(2), 610-616. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.030903.x
2004
Frequency and spatial distribution of environmental <i>Campylobacter</i> spp.
Brown, P. E., Christensen, O. F., Clough, H. E., Diggle, P. J., Hart, C. A., Hazel, S., . . . French, N. P. (2004). Frequency and spatial distribution of environmental <i>Campylobacter</i> spp.. APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 70(11), 6501-6511. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.11.6501-6511.2004
It Shouldn't Happen to a Statistician
Clough, H., & Brown, P. (2004). It Shouldn't Happen to a Statistician. Significance, 1(3), 118-120. doi:10.1111/j.1740-9713.2004.00044.x
Frequency and spatial distribution of environmental Campylobacter spp.
Brown, P. E., Christensen, O. F., Clough, H. E., Diggle, P. J., Hart, C. A., Hazel, S., . . . French, N. P. (2004). Frequency and spatial distribution of environmental Campylobacter spp.. Applied and. Environmental Microbiology, 70(11), 6501-6511. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.11.6501¿6511.2004
2003
Bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling (vol 58, pg 145, 2003)
Clough, H. E., Clancy, D., O'Neill, P. D., & French, N. P. (2003). Bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling (vol 58, pg 145, 2003). PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE, 60(2), 193. doi:10.1016/S0167-5877(03)00124-7
Bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling
Clough, H. E., Clancy, D., O'Neill, P. D., & French, N. P. (2003). Bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling. PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE, 58(3-4), 145-169. doi:10.1016/S0167-5877(03)00050-3
Bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling.
Clough, H. E., Clancy, D., O'Neill, P. D., & French, N. P. (2003). Bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling.. Preventive veterinary medicine, 58(3-4), 145-169. doi:10.1016/s0167-5877(03)00050-3
2002
Statistical issues in the assessment of the evidence for an interaction between factors in epilepsy trials
Williamson, P. R., Clough, H. E., Hutton, J. L., Marson, A. G., & Chadwick, D. W. (2002). Statistical issues in the assessment of the evidence for an interaction between factors in epilepsy trials. STATISTICS IN MEDICINE, 21(18), 2613-2622. doi:10.1002/sim.1044
Carbamazepine versus valproate monotherapy for epilepsy: A meta-analysis
Marson, A. G., Williamson, P. R., Clough, H., Hutton, J. L., & Chadwick, D. W. (2002). Carbamazepine versus valproate monotherapy for epilepsy: A meta-analysis. EPILEPSIA, 43(5), 505-513. doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.20801.x
107. Persistence ofE. coli O157 on a Cheshire dairy farm
Robinson, S. E., Wright, J., French, N. P., Williams, N. J., Leatherbarrow, H., Sutherst, J., . . . Diggle, P. J. (2002). 107. Persistence ofE. coli O157 on a Cheshire dairy farm. Research in Veterinary Science, 72, 39. doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(02)90111-6
Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy.
Tudur Smith, C., Marson, A. G., Clough, H. E., & Williamson, P. R. (2002). Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (2), CD001911. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001911
2001
Carbamazepine versus valproate monotherapy for epilepsy
Marson, A. G., Williamson, P. R., Hutton, J. L., Clough, H. E., & Chadwick, D. W. (2001). Carbamazepine versus valproate monotherapy for epilepsy. Praxis, 90(37), 1595.
2000
A comparison between parametric and non-parametric approaches to the analysis of replicated spatial point patterns
Diggle, P. J., Mateu, J., & Clough, H. E. (2000). A comparison between parametric and non-parametric approaches to the analysis of replicated spatial point patterns. Advances in Applied Probability, 32(02), 331-343. doi:10.1017/s0001867800009952
A comparison between parametric and non-parametric approaches to the analysis of replicated spatial point patterns
Diggle, P. J., Mateu, J., & Clough, H. E. (2000). A comparison between parametric and non-parametric approaches to the analysis of replicated spatial point patterns. Advances in Applied Probability, 32(2), 331-343. doi:10.1239/aap/1013540166
Carbamazepine versus valproate monotherapy for epilepsy.
Marson, A. G., Williamson, P. R., Hutton, J. L., Clough, H. E., & Chadwick, D. W. (2000). Carbamazepine versus valproate monotherapy for epilepsy.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3), CD001030. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001030
1998
Statistical Analysis of Replicated Spatial Point Patterns
Wilson, H. E. (1998). Statistical Analysis of Replicated Spatial Point Patterns. (PhD Thesis, The University of Lancaster).
1996
Variations in price elasticities
George, J., Mercer, A., & Wilson, H. (1996). Variations in price elasticities. European Journal of Operational Research, 88(1), 13-22.