Publications
2025
Cognitive domains affected post-COVID-19; a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fanshawe, J. B., Sargent, B. F., Badenoch, J. B., Saini, A., Watson, C. J., Pokrovskaya, A., . . . Leek, C. E. (2025). Cognitive domains affected post-COVID-19; a systematic review and meta-analysis.. European journal of neurology, 32(1), e16181. doi:10.1111/ene.16181
2022
What do deep neural networks tell us about biological vision?
Heinke, D., Leonardis, A., & Leek, E. C. (2022). What do deep neural networks tell us about biological vision?. VISION RESEARCH, 198. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2022.108069
Deep neural networks and image classification in biological vision
Leek, E. C., Leonardis, A., & Heinke, D. (2022). Deep neural networks and image classification in biological vision. VISION RESEARCH, 197. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2022.108058
The role of parvocellular and magnocellular shape maps in the derivation of spatially integrated 3D object representations
Leek, E. C., & Reppa, I. (2022). The role of parvocellular and magnocellular shape maps in the derivation of spatially integrated 3D object representations. COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 39(1-2), 92-94. doi:10.1080/02643294.2022.2069486
2021
A failure to learn object shape geometry: Implications for convolutional neural networks as plausible models of biological vision
Heinke, D., Wachman, P., van Zoest, W., & Leek, E. C. (2021). A failure to learn object shape geometry: Implications for convolutional neural networks as plausible models of biological vision. VISION RESEARCH, 189, 81-92. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2021.09.004
Biological and Computer Vision.
Leek, C. (2021). Biological and Computer Vision.. PERCEPTION, 50(8), 736-737. doi:10.1177/03010066211023364
2020
Early sensitivity of evoked potentials to surface and volumetric structure during the visual perception of three-dimensional object shape
Leek, E. C., Roberts, M., Dundon, N., & Pegna, A. (n.d.). Early sensitivity of evoked potentials to surface and volumetric structure during the visual perception of three-dimensional object shape. European Journal of Neuroscience. doi:10.1111/ejn.14270
2019
A surface-based code contributes to visual shape perception
Arguin, M., Marleau, I., Aubin, M., Zahabi, S., & Leek, E. C. (2019). A surface-based code contributes to visual shape perception. JOURNAL OF VISION, 19(11). doi:10.1167/19.11.6
Surface diagnosticity predicts the high-level representation of regular and irregular object shape in human vision
Leek, E. C., & Reppa, I. (2019). Surface diagnosticity predicts the high-level representation of regular and irregular object shape in human vision. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics, 81, 1589-1608. doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01698-4
2018
Human parahippocampal cortex supports spatial binding in visual working memory
Dundon, N., Katshu, M. Z. U., Harry, B., Roberts, D., Leek, C., Downing, P., . . . D-Avossa, G. (2018). Human parahippocampal cortex supports spatial binding in visual working memory. Cerebral Cortex, 2017(10), 3589-3599. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx231
Effects of stereoscopic disparity on early ERP components during classification of three-dimensional objects
Pegna, A., Darque, A., Roberts, M., & Leek, E. C. (2018). Effects of stereoscopic disparity on early ERP components during classification of three-dimensional objects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(6), 1419-1430. doi:10.1080/17470218.2017.1333129
Study protocol for a randomised pilot study of a computer-based, non-pharmacological cognitive intervention for motor slowing and motor fatigue in Parkinson's disease.
Payne, J. S., Hindle, J. V., Pritchard, A. W., Rhys Davies, R., Coetzer, R., D'Avossa, G., . . . Charles Leek, E. (2018). Study protocol for a randomised pilot study of a computer-based, non-pharmacological cognitive intervention for motor slowing and motor fatigue in Parkinson's disease.. Pilot and feasibility studies, 4, 190. doi:10.1186/s40814-018-0375-4
Stereo Viewing Modulates Three-Dimensional Shape Processing During Object Recognition: A High-Density ERP Study
Oliver, Z., Cristino, F., Roberts, M., Pegna, A., & Leek, C. (2018). Stereo Viewing Modulates Three-Dimensional Shape Processing During Object Recognition: A High-Density ERP Study. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance, 44(4), 518-534. doi:10.1037/xhp0000444
2017
A scoping investigation of eye-tracking in Electronic Gambling Machine (EGM) play
Rogers, R., Butler, J., Millard, S., Cristino, F., Davitt, L., & Leek, C. (2017). A scoping investigation of eye-tracking in Electronic Gambling Machine (EGM) play. Gamble Aware, 1.
2016
Early differential sensitivity of evoked-potentials to local and global shape during the perception of three-dimensional objects
Leek, C., Roberts, M., Oliver, Z., Cristino, F., & Pegna, A. (2016). Early differential sensitivity of evoked-potentials to local and global shape during the perception of three-dimensional objects. Neuropsychologia, 89, 495-509. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.006
Domain General Sequence Operations Contribute to Pre-SMA Involvement in Visuo-spatial Processing
Leek, E. C., Yuen, K. S., & Johnston, S. J. (2016). Domain General Sequence Operations Contribute to Pre-SMA Involvement in Visuo-spatial Processing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00009
2015
The role of surface-based representations of shape in visual object recognition
Reppa, I., Greville, W. J., & Leek, E. C. (2015). The role of surface-based representations of shape in visual object recognition. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 68(12), 2351-2369. doi:10.1080/17470218.2015.1014379
Stereo disparity facilitates view generalization during shape recognition for solid multipart objects
Cristino, F., Davitt, L. I., & Leek, C. (2015). Stereo disparity facilitates view generalization during shape recognition for solid multipart objects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(12), 2419-2436. doi:10.1080/17470218.2015.1017512
Differential sensitivity to surface curvature polarity in 3D objects is not modulated by stereo disparity
Cristino, F., & Leek, C. (2015). Differential sensitivity to surface curvature polarity in 3D objects is not modulated by stereo disparity. PERCEPTION, 44, 349-350. Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
Lesions of the Medial Occipito-Temporal cortex affect spatial binding of sensory and memory data
d'Avossa, G., Dundon, N., Katshu, Z., Roberts, D., Harry, B., Roberts, C., . . . Leek, C. (2015). Lesions of the Medial Occipito-Temporal cortex affect spatial binding of sensory and memory data. PERCEPTION, 44, 43. Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
Implicit encoding of extrinsic object properties in stored representations mediating recognition: Evidence from shadow-specific repetition priming
Leek, C., Davitt, L. I., & Cristino, F. (2015). Implicit encoding of extrinsic object properties in stored representations mediating recognition: Evidence from shadow-specific repetition priming. Vision Research, 108, 49-55. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2015.01.011
2014
Impaired Visuospatial Transformation but Intact Sequence Processing in Parkinson Disease
Leek, E. C., Kerai, J. H., Johnston, S. J., Hindle, J. V., & Bracewell, R. M. (2014). Impaired Visuospatial Transformation but Intact Sequence Processing in Parkinson Disease. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY, 27(3), 130-138. doi:10.1097/WNN.0000000000000032
Shape Information Mediating Basic- and Subordinate-Level Object Recognition Revealed by Analyses of Eye Movements
Davitt, L. I., Cristino, F., Wong, A. C. -N., & Leek, E. C. (2014). Shape Information Mediating Basic- and Subordinate-Level Object Recognition Revealed by Analyses of Eye Movements. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE, 40(2), 451-456. doi:10.1037/a0034983
The importance of where you look: A study of the role of eye movements in object recognition
Johnston, S. J., Leek, E. C., & Cristino, F. (2014). The importance of where you look: A study of the role of eye movements in object recognition. In PERCEPTION Vol. 43 (pp. 107-108). Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
2013
Non-selective lexical access in bilinguals is spontaneous and independent of input monitoring: Evidence from eye tracking
Wu, Y. J., Cristino, F., Leek, C., & Thierry, G. (2013). Non-selective lexical access in bilinguals is spontaneous and independent of input monitoring: Evidence from eye tracking. COGNITION, 129(2), 418-425. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2013.08.005
2012
Impaired integration of object knowledge and visual input in a case of ventral simultanagnosia with bilateral damage to area V4
Leek, E. C., d'Avossa, G., Tainturier, M. -J., Roberts, D. J., Yuen, S. L., Hu, M., & Rafal, R. (2012). Impaired integration of object knowledge and visual input in a case of ventral simultanagnosia with bilateral damage to area V4. COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 29(7-8), 569-583. doi:10.1080/02643294.2012.752724
Visuospatial transformation impairments in Parkinson's disease
Kerai, J. H., Bracewell, R. M., Hindle, J. V., & Leek, E. C. (2012). Visuospatial transformation impairments in Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 34(10), 1053-1064. doi:10.1080/13803395.2012.716396
The Time Course of Activation of Object Shape and Shape plus Colour Representations during Memory Retrieval
Lloyd-Jones, T. J., Roberts, M. V., Leek, E. C., Fouquet, N. C., & Truchanowicz, E. G. (2012). The Time Course of Activation of Object Shape and Shape plus Colour Representations during Memory Retrieval. PLOS ONE, 7(11). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048550
Curvature and the Visual Perception of Shape: Theory on Information Along Object Boundaries and the Minima Rule Revisited
Lim, I. S., & Leek, E. C. (2012). Curvature and the Visual Perception of Shape: Theory on Information Along Object Boundaries and the Minima Rule Revisited. PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW, 119(3), 668-677. doi:10.1037/a0025962
Eye movements during object recognition in visual agnosia
Leek, E. C., Patterson, C., Paul, M. A., Rafal, R., & Cristino, F. (2012). Eye movements during object recognition in visual agnosia. NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, 50(9), 2142-2153. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.05.005
The appearance of shape in visual perception:Eye movement patterns during recognition and reaching
Cristino, F., Davitt, L., & Leek, C. (2012). The appearance of shape in visual perception:Eye movement patterns during recognition and reaching. In The appearance of shape in visual perception: Eye movement patterns during recognition and reaching (pp. 1).
Eye movement patterns during the recognition of three-dimensional objects: Preferential fixation of concave surface curvature minima
Leek, E. C., Cristino, F., Conlan, L. I., Patterson, C., Rodriguez, E., & Johnston, S. J. (2012). Eye movement patterns during the recognition of three-dimensional objects: Preferential fixation of concave surface curvature minima. JOURNAL OF VISION, 12(1). doi:10.1167/12.1.7
Successes and failures in producing attentional object-based cueing effects
Reppa, I., Schmidt, W. C., & Leek, E. C. (2012). Successes and failures in producing attentional object-based cueing effects. ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS, 74(1), 43-69. doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0211-x
2011
Do reading processes differ in transparent versus opaque orthographies? A study of acquired dyslexia in Welsh/English bilinguals
Tainturier, M. -J., Roberts, J., & Leek, E. C. (2011). Do reading processes differ in transparent versus opaque orthographies? A study of acquired dyslexia in Welsh/English bilinguals. COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 28(8), 546-563. doi:10.1080/02643294.2012.698986
2009
Negative priming of unattended part primes: Implications for models of holistic and analytic processing in object recognition
Conlan, L. I., Phillips, J. C., & Leek, E. C. (2009). Negative priming of unattended part primes: Implications for models of holistic and analytic processing in object recognition. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 62(12), 2289-2297. doi:10.1080/17470210903104420
Fixation region overlap: A quantitative method for the analysis of fixational eye movement patterns.
Leek, C., Johnston, S. J., & Leek, E. C. (2009). Fixation region overlap: A quantitative method for the analysis of fixational eye movement patterns.. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 1(3), 1-12.
Surface but not volumetric part structure mediates three-dimensional shape representation: Evidence from part-whole priming
Leek, E. C., Reppa, I., Rodriguez, E., & Arguin, M. (2009). Surface but not volumetric part structure mediates three-dimensional shape representation: Evidence from part-whole priming. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 62(4), 814-830. doi:10.1080/17470210802303826
CORRESPONDENCE Functional specialization in the supplementary motor complex
Leek, E. C., & Johnston, S. J. (2009). CORRESPONDENCE Functional specialization in the supplementary motor complex. NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE, 10(1), 78. doi:10.1038/nrn2478-c1
2008
Orientation Sensitivity at Different Stages of Object Processing: Evidence from Repetition Priming and Naming
Harris, I. M., Dux, P. E., Benito, C. T., & Leek, E. C. (2008). Orientation Sensitivity at Different Stages of Object Processing: Evidence from Repetition Priming and Naming. PLOS ONE, 3(5). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002256
2007
Do reading processes differ in transparent vs. opaque orthographies? A study of acquired dyslexia in Welsh/English bilinguals
Tainturier, M. -J., Roberts, J., Schiernenz, S., & Leek, E. C. (2007). Do reading processes differ in transparent vs. opaque orthographies? A study of acquired dyslexia in Welsh/English bilinguals. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE, 103(1-2), 97-98. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2007.07.062
Independent retrieval of number and grammatical gender in spoken language production
Leek, E. C., Schiemenz, S., Roberts, J. R., Jones, E. W., Thomas, E., Gathercole, V. C., & Tainturier, M. J. (2007). Independent retrieval of number and grammatical gender in spoken language production. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE, 103(1-2), 63-64. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2007.07.046
Computational mechanisms of object constancy for visual recognition revealed by event-related potentials
Leek, E. C., Atherton, C. J., & Thierry, G. (2007). Computational mechanisms of object constancy for visual recognition revealed by event-related potentials. VISION RESEARCH, 47(5), 706-713. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2006.10.021
Retina Sampling Feature Detection and Saccades; A Statistical Perspective.
Thacker, N., & Leek, C. (2007). Retina Sampling Feature Detection and Saccades; A Statistical Perspective.. In Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2007 (pp. 101.1-101.10). British Machine Vision Association. doi:10.5244/c.21.101
2006
Structure-based modulation of inhibition of return is triggered by object-internal but not occluding shape features
Reppa, I., & Leek, E. C. (2006). Structure-based modulation of inhibition of return is triggered by object-internal but not occluding shape features. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 59(11), 1857-1866. doi:10.1080/17470210600872113
A polarity effect in misoriented object recognition: The role of polar features in the computation of orientation-invariant shape representations
Leek, E. C., & Johnston, S. J. (2006). A polarity effect in misoriented object recognition: The role of polar features in the computation of orientation-invariant shape representations. VISUAL COGNITION, 13(5), 573-600. doi:10.1080/13506280544000048
Reading without the visual word form area
Thierry, G., Leek, E. C., & Rafal, R. (2006). Reading without the visual word form area. In A case study.
Seperate orthographic lexicons for reading and spelling? Evidence from a case of preserved lexical reading and impaired lexical spelling
Leek, C., Tainturier, M. J., Schiemenz, S., & Leek, E. C. (2006). Seperate orthographic lexicons for reading and spelling? Evidence from a case of preserved lexical reading and impaired lexical spelling. Brain and Language, 99, 40-41.
2005
The structure of three-dimensional object representations in human vision: Evidence from whole-part matching
Leek, E. C., Reppa, I., & Arguin, M. (2005). The structure of three-dimensional object representations in human vision: Evidence from whole-part matching. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE, 31(4), 668-684. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.4.668
Category-specific semantic memory impairments: What can connectionist simulations reveal about the organization of conceptual knowledge?
Leek, E. C. (2005). Category-specific semantic memory impairments: What can connectionist simulations reveal about the organization of conceptual knowledge?. In CONNECTIONIST MODELS IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY (pp. 175-214). Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
Access to lexical phonology does not predict retrieval of grammatical gender in Welsh: Implications for theories of language production
Tainturier, M. J., Leek, E. C., Schiemenz, S., Williams, C. A., Thomas, E., & Gathercole, V. C. (2005). Access to lexical phonology does not predict retrieval of grammatical gender in Welsh: Implications for theories of language production. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE, 95(1), 52-53. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2005.07.020
2004
Functional contribution of medial premotor cortex to visuo-spatial transformation in humans
Johnston, S., Leek, E. C., Atherton, C., Thacker, N., & Jackson, A. (2004). Functional contribution of medial premotor cortex to visuo-spatial transformation in humans. NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, 355(3), 209-212. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.011
2003
Inhibition of return for objects and locations in static displays
Leek, E. C., Reppa, I., & Tipper, S. P. (2003). Inhibition of return for objects and locations in static displays. PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS, 65(3), 388-395. doi:10.3758/BF03194570
Orientation invariance in visual object priming depends on prime-target asynchrony
Arguin, M., & Leek, E. C. (2003). Orientation invariance in visual object priming depends on prime-target asynchrony. PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS, 65(3), 469-477. doi:10.3758/BF03194576
Syntactic mediation is not obligatory during lexical access: Evidence from a single-case study of Welsh Aphasia
Leek, E. C., Wyn, R., & Tainturier, M. J. (2003). Syntactic mediation is not obligatory during lexical access: Evidence from a single-case study of Welsh Aphasia. BRAIN AND COGNITION, 53(2), 268-272. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00124-6
The modulation of inhibition of return by object-internal structure: Implications for theories of object-based attentional selection
Reppa, I., & Leek, E. C. (2003). The modulation of inhibition of return by object-internal structure: Implications for theories of object-based attentional selection. PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW, 10(2), 493-502. doi:10.3758/BF03196512
2002
Neural correlates of spatial normalisation mechanisms underlying object recognition and mirror-image judgements.
Leek, C., Leek, E. C., Johnston, S., Atherton, C. J., Thacker, N., & Jackson, A. (2002). Neural correlates of spatial normalisation mechanisms underlying object recognition and mirror-image judgements..
Surface dyslexia without dysgraphia
Tainturier, M. J., Valdois, S., David, D., Leek, E. C., & Pellat, J. (2002). Surface dyslexia without dysgraphia. Brain and Language, 83(1), 197-199.
Surface dyslexia without dysgraphia: A case report of a new dissociation
Tainturier, M. J., Valdois, S., David, J. D., Leek, E. C., & Pellat, J. (2002). Surface dyslexia without dysgraphia: A case report of a new dissociation. In BRAIN AND LANGUAGE Vol. 83 (pp. 197-199). Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
2001
Case studies in the neuropsychology of vision.
Leek, E. C. (2001). Case studies in the neuropsychology of vision.. VISUAL COGNITION, 8(2), 263-272. doi:10.1080/13506280042000081
Superior written over spoken picture naming in a case of frontotemporal dementia
Tainturier, M. J., Moreaud, O., David, D., Leek, E. C., & Pellat, J. (2001). Superior written over spoken picture naming in a case of frontotemporal dementia. NEUROCASE, 7(1), 89-96. doi:10.1093/neucas/7.1.89
What is specific about category specificity? Fractionating patterns of impairments and the spurious living/nonliving dichotomy
Leek, E. C., & Pothos, E. M. (2001). What is specific about category specificity? Fractionating patterns of impairments and the spurious living/nonliving dichotomy. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES, 24(3), 487-+. doi:10.1017/S0140525X01334155
2000
The analysis of drawing from memory performance in brain-damaged patients
Leek, C., Leek, E. C., Rapp, B. C., & Turnbull, O. H. (2000). The analysis of drawing from memory performance in brain-damaged patients. Brain and Cognition, 43(1-2), 310-315.
Orientation-dependent and orientation-invariant object recognition: an fMRI study.
Leek, C., Atherton, C. J., Thacker, N. A., Leek, E. C., Jackson, A., & Hollander, I. (2000). Orientation-dependent and orientation-invariant object recognition: an fMRI study.. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 55C Supp S.
The analysis of drawing from memory performance in brain-damaged patients
Leek, E. C., Rapp, B. C., & Turnbull, O. H. (2000). The analysis of drawing from memory performance in brain-damaged patients. In BRAIN AND COGNITION Vol. 43 (pp. 310-315). Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
1999
The quantitative analyses of copy drawing and drawing from memory in brain-damaged patients.
Leek, E. C., Turnbull, O. H., & Tainturier, M. J. (1999). The quantitative analyses of copy drawing and drawing from memory in brain-damaged patients.. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE, 37. Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
1998
The analysis of orientation-dependent time costs in visual recognition
Leek, E. C. (1998). The analysis of orientation-dependent time costs in visual recognition. PERCEPTION, 27(7), 803-816. doi:10.1068/p270803
Effects of stimulus orientation on the identification of common polyoriented objects
Leek, E. C. (1998). Effects of stimulus orientation on the identification of common polyoriented objects. PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW, 5(4), 650-658. doi:10.3758/BF03208841
1995
A MODALITY-SPECIFIC NAMING IMPAIRMENT WITH INTACT OBJECT KNOWLEDGE
LEEK, E. C., RAPP, B., & CARAMAZZA, A. (1995). A MODALITY-SPECIFIC NAMING IMPAIRMENT WITH INTACT OBJECT KNOWLEDGE. BRAIN AND COGNITION, 28(2), 205-206. Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
1994
Accessing semantics from vision
Leek, C., Rapp, B., & Caramazza, A. (1994). Accessing semantics from vision. Brain and Language, 47, 323-325.
The organisation of lexical knowledge in the brain
Caramazza, A., Leek, C., & Miozzo, M. (1994). The organisation of lexical knowledge in the brain. In Evidence from category and modality-specific deficits (pp. 68-84). Cambridge University Press.