Full rigged ship Annie Jane, built Quebec 1853, wooden, 3
masts.
1294 gross tons, 179 x 32 ft, owned Thomas Holderness of Liverpool.
Fitted out in Liverpool to take emigrants, 3 decks, maiden voyage
with passengers.
Voyage Liverpool to Quebec with emigrants and a cargo of iron rails
and barrels of meat.
She was dismasted and disabled by gales and driven ashore on West
Bay, Vatersay Island, just
south of Barra on 28 September 1853.
Captain Thomas Mason and crew (of 35-48) plus around 415
passengers -
only 102 survived, about 348 lost.
A stone memorial stands on the edge of the bay [now called Traigh
Siar which means West Beach].
Over 250 bodies were recovered and were buried in a mass grave
nearby.
Since 1991, Vatersay is joined by a causeway to Barra.
It is plausible that Captain Mason was seeking a passage through
the Islands -
and knew of Vatersay Sound which was navigable (with difficulty since
narrow and
with some rocks) between Vatersay
and Barra. He may have thought that the nearby West Bay on Vatersay was
this sound.
For ongoing research into the crew and passengers, etc see here.
Newspaper account of wreck; Report of inquiry.
Painting of the Annie Jane [National Maritime Museum, thought to be
by
Liverpool artist Joseph Heard]
Comprehensive contemporary report from Liverpool Mercury Tuesday 11
October 1853
[some possible typos are corrected from accounts in other nespapers]:
WRECK OF THE EMIGRANT SHIP ANNIE JANE, AND GREAT LOSS OF LIFE. It is
with
regret we have to record the wreck of the emigrant Ship Annie Jane,
which took place on the 28th ult. on the island of Barra, off the west
coast of Scotland. The Annie Jane was one of Messrs. Holderness and
Chilton's
American line of packets. She was commanded by Captain
Mason. It is said that she had on board 415 passengers and a crew of
about
35 seamen; of the passengers only 78 were saved, and of the crew 24.
About 30 of the survivors arrived here [Liverpool] on Sunday
last in the Princess
Royal, from Glasgow. Several of the crew are staying at the
Sailor's home, and from inquiries made there, we learnt that the
Annie Jane
sailed from this port on Wednesday, 23rd of August last,
having on board the passengers and crew above named. On the 25th
[August],
she met with a heavy gale, and, owing to the bad stowing of her
cargo, rolled so heavily to windward that she carried away her fore
and
mizen topmasts. The passengers then begged the Captain to put back to
Liverpool, which he did.
The
island of Barra is one of the Hebrides, and at the point where the
wreck
occurred is six miles in length, two-and-a-half broad, and lies about
five
miles south-west of the adjacent island, Uist. The inhabitants are
mostly employed in the cod-fishing trade. There is a lighthouse on the
head, which is the highest in the United Kingdom, being 680 feet above
the level of the sea. Such is the terrible character of the
coast,
however, that there is little chance of a vessel being rescued when
once it is entangled amongst the reefs. The islanders used their
best
exertions to save the lives of the people on board the vessel, and
treated those who were rescued with the greatest kindness.
The following
additional statements are from seamen who belonged to the vessel:-
The steamer Chevalier, on her passage to Glasgow from the
Highlands, on
Thursday, the 6th instant, took on board at Tobermory 30 men, part of
the crew and passengers of the emigrant ship Annie Jane, of Liverpool,
which was wrecked on Vatersay, one of the western isles, on Thursday,
the 29th ultimo.
Thomas Halcroo [Halcrow], a intelligent Canadian seaman, and
others of the shipwrecked crew, gave the following narrative:-
The
following letter was received by the owners from Capt. Mason:
it was addressed to Mr. J.H. Holderness
From Liverpool Mercury 27 June 1854
The investigation was directed in consequence of a memorial,
mistakenly addressed to Lord Palmerston, by 24 passengers saved
from the wreck, and which his lordship sent to the board of trade. The
memorial set forth complaints to the effect:
The inquiry was opened at Liverpool, on the 1st of November; but
reporters for the newspapers were not present. Captain Beechey was
attended by T. C. Murdock Esq., the chairman of the emigration
commissioners. Twenty three witnesses were examined, including the
owner of the Annie Jane; the captain of the vessel; Captain Schomberg,
the government agent in Liverpool; Lieutenant Prior, first assistant
emigration officer at this port; R. N. James, government surveyor; and
William Haselden, government emigration surveyor. The declaration of
William Hendrie, a steerage passenger, was received in evidence, and
other testimony was given in support of the passengers' complaints.
Captain Beechey, in his résumé of
the evidence, which is comprised in his official report, states, with
respect to the complaints of the passengers, that
  After refitting, she sailed again on the 9th
ult., and on the 12th [September], at four p.m., met another gale,
which carried
away her fore and mizen topmasts and lower mast-heads; they then
had to cut away the jibboom to clear the ship of the wreck. She lay to
for two days, and they rigged a jury foreyard, got a sail upon it,
and, at the renewed solicitation of the passengers, the captain
again put back for Liverpool; but when night came, he put the
ship about for Quebec, being persuaded, it is said, by another captain
on board to continue the voyage. When this became known, it caused
a great sensation amongst the passengers, who remonstrated with the
captain, but he expressed his determination to proceed. On the 21st
they
encountered another gale, and lost the maintopsail, mainyard, and had
to cut away the maintopmast, the ship rolling so much that the chain
cable was dashed from one side of the deck to the other, making
a noise like thunder, which, mingled with the shrieks of the
passengers, was fearful. One of the seamen, a Canadian, had his legs
broken by getting them entangled with the chain. They then
continued
drifting, as the ship was nearly unmanageable in such a gale, until
the night of the 28th [September], when they sighted the island of
Barra, and
the captain, seeing that the ship must go ashore, steered for a
small sandy bay, where she struck at about 20 minutes past twelve, at
first
lightly, and then so heavily, that the bottom parted from the top
sides, the passengers screaming dreadfully the whole of the time.
After striking the second time, she turned broadside on to the sea,
which made a clear breach over her, carrying away those passengers who
were unable to hold on. The majority of the passengers were drowned in
attempting to swim on shore, and by the capsizing of the boats
into which they sprang. It is thought that had the passengers
stood by the vessel, they would all have been saved; for as she went
on
shore on the top of high water, she was left high and dry by the
receding tide, and those who then remained on board escaped. When the
vessel struck there was a large number of passengers in the cabin,
which filled immediately with water, drowning many of the unfortunate
people who had fled there as a place of refuge. It is said that the
companion way was blocked up with dead bodies, and one of the
survivors
only escaped by making his way through the skylight. The total
number of persons saved, including passengers and crew, is stated to be
102, and the number missing, about 285. The chief mate and boatswain
are supposed to be lost. The captain and chief officer are amongst
those saved. It is said that the captain remained on the wreck
for several hours after the vessel struck, using his best endeavours
to save those on board. Those of the rescued who have arrived in
Liverpool stayed five days on the island, suffering great privations
from want of food and accommodation, They then sailed in a small boat
for Tobermory, where they waited three days for a steamboat to
carry them to Glasgow, whence they obtained a free passage to
Liverpool, on board of the Princess Royal. During the passage here a
subscription was raised for the sufferers. The names of the
passengers who arrived at Tobermory are:
  John Kingston, county Cork;
George brother to the former; Timothy Dineur, county Cork; Thomas
Edmiston, county Antrim; Alexander M'Cormick, county Armagh; Martha
Twearing, county Cork; and some French Canadians.
  The crew are James
Boyd, James Marshal[Marshall], of Quebec; Charles Carrall
[Garrett],
Bay of Chaleur; Thomas Gemmel [Halcrow], Joseph Miller [Leuniel],
Antonio Ligett[Antoine Lizotte], of Quebec; Charles Burdow[Brown] of
New York; James Wood[Hood] and
Charles Burnett, of Dundee.
Only three of the cabin passengers were saved.
The Annie Jane, Captain Mason, from Liverpool, bound
for Quebec,
with 500 emigrants and iron rails, left the former port some six
weeks ago. After being at sea three weeks, she returned to Liverpool,
with loss of mizenmast and other spars; at this time 100 emigrants
left the ship. After being refitted, she went to sea again, with
six
additional able seamen, as she was found short of hands. For 13
days
nothing occurred, except that the ship met rough weather, till the
15th of September, when the ship was overtaken in a gale and lost
her mainmast. Captain Mason ordered the ship to be put before
the wind till a temporary mast was erected, and intended to make
for Liverpool, but was advised by a sea captain, who went from
Liverpool
as a passenger, to try and make for his destination. The ship then
hove-to for eight days, and lost all her upper spars, becoming
quite
unmanageable. She was ordered to run before the wind on the 23rd of
September, and came in sight of Barra lighthouse on Wednesday, the
28th. The captain and crew struggled hard to get to windward of
the island, but, as the evening approached, it was clear that the
island could not be weathered. The ship's head was, therefore, directed
towards a flat sandy beach, and she struck, about twelve o'clock at
night,
with such fearful violence that all her framework started, shutting
in
her cabin doors, so that the passengers then in the cabin could
not get out. Another huge breaker struck on her quarter, and the
poop
deck sank, crushing some 200 emigrants to death. In ten minutes more,
the ship was in pieces. It was most heart-rending to hear the shrieks
of
300 human beings struggling for life. The poop's deck by this
time floated, and 100 of the emigrants and sailors found standing room
on this fragment; many of them perished with cold, or were smothered
under the trampling of others, About daybreak, the tide ebbed, and left
the fragment high and dry, when 102 walked ashore, 348 having been
killed or
drowned in 15 minutes the previous night. The bulk of the emigrants
were from Scotland, a good number from Ireland, some Germans and a few
French.
  The ship's crew were Canadians,
except six taken in at Liverpool. Ten sailors and the mate,
all Canadian, were drowned. The boatswain, from Dumbarton, on the
Clyde, was also drowned. All the survivors speak with the
highest praise of the conduct of the boatswain. Thirty seamen have
arrived from Barra, per the steamer Chevalier to Oban, and proceed to
Glasgow. Captain M'Donnell granted a free passage to Glasgow, and
£7
was collected on the steamer for the distressed seamen.
  - CHARLES BURNETT, Sailor, Dundee. JAMES BOYD, carpenter,
Quebec.
The ship Annie Jane, of Liverpool, 1300 tons burthen,
belonging
to Messrs. Holderness and Chilton, commanded by Captain Mason,
sailed
from Liverpool for Quebec on the 9th of September, with about
410
passengers, including children. chiefly emigrants, and a crew of
about 40 men, - mostly Canadians. They lost sight of the Irish
coast on
Sunday the 11th, and the following morning the foretopmast and the
jibboom
were carried away. Thus crippled, in expectation of better
weather, the
course for Quebec was continued until the morning of Thursday, the 22nd,
when
about lat. 60° north and lon. 17° west, they lost the
maintopmast,
with the mainyard.
The captain then strove to return with such sails as could be got up
on the remaining
masts. On Wednesday they came in sight of Barra Head, and the light
was seen
the same
night. The wind increased, and blowing hard from northwest at
night, being unable to weather the land, they attempted to pass
between the islands, and fairly went on shore on a sandy beach, between
two
Islands, on the west side of Vatersay, an island on the south of
Barra.
The ship struck the ground soon after midnight, when a dreadful
scene
followed. Turning broadside to land, she parted almost immediately,
the remainder of the masts going overboard in succession, and the
boats
being washed away. The poop (which was very large) and the
forecastle
parted from the wreck and drifted on the shore, and from these parts
all who escaped gained the land when the tide receded - three
on the
forecastle and the rest on the poop.
  Of the passengers and emigrants on board
66 were saved, including 15 women, one of whom rescued her infant
child four months old, one of twins, the other being washed out of
her
arms and lost. The captain and about 35 of the crew escaped, the first
mate being lost.
  There were about 20 cabin passengers; among these
some Swiss gentlemen. Of these eight were lost, including Captain
Rose and his wife. Captain Rose was on his way to take charge of a ship
for
the owners of the Annie Jane.
  Before the sailors left the island, 250
dead bodies had been recovered and buried upon the island; among
these
were the bodies of Captain Rose and his lady.
  The shipwrecked sailors
arrived at Tobermory on Monday in the sloop Maria, and was taken care
of by
the agent of that excellent institution, the Fishermen's Shipwreck
Society, and had a free passage given them by the owners of the
Chevalier.
  Many of the emigrants were natives of Ireland; one these,
a young lad, has lost 15 of his relatives in the wreck.
  Captain Hall, who was visiting the western islands for the
purpose of establishing
sailors' homes, found the unfortunate shipwrecked crew at Tobermory
(Island of Mull). They all were present at the meeting, when
arrangements
were immediately made to establish a sailors' home. A large sum
was subscribed, and a committee appointed to carry it out.
Dear sir, - I am sorry to inform you of the
total loss of the Annie Jane, with about three-fourths of the
passengers
and crew aboard, which happened on the night of the 28th
September, during a heavy gale from the westward, and which prevented
me from clearing the land on either tack, the ship having been dismasted
36 hours after leaving Liverpool. I three times got up spars on the
stumps of the lower masts, but lost them shortly after,
owing to
violent gales which have continued ever since I left Liverpool.
I was drifted as far as lat. 60N. One hundred and two are all that are
saved on board; only
three cabin passengers remain. Capt. Rose, Mrs Rose and the boy servant
have
been found and interred. About 230 in all have been washed ashore.
I have
engaged boats
to take the survivors to the main land. By one of them I am sending
this note.
The ship was broken to atoms in five minutes - and all the cargo out
of the
ship. It was six hours before I came on shore on part of the poop deck,
very
much bruised. Some of the cargo has been washed up, but nothing of
much
value; but the islanders are saving all that they can, and have been
very kind
to all of us.
  I will write you more fully by the next post that
comes across, which will be in two or three days.-
  Yours, etc., WILLIAM MASON.
  P.S. - I sent a list of passengers saved, three days ago, by
a different
route. Anfield [steward] and Markham[2nd mate] are both saved.
GOVERNMENT INQUIRY INTO THE LOSS OF THE ANNIE JANE EMIGRANT
VESSEL.
  Captain Beechey, the gentleman who was instructed by the
board of trade to ascertain, by investigation, the circumstances which
led to the appalling wreck of the emigrant ship the Annie Jane, on her
voyage from Liverpool to Quebec, in September last, when about 300 human
beings perished, has recently furnished his report, which is now made
public.
That the Annie Jane was laden with an enormous quantity of
railway iron; that she took on board between 400 and 500 steerage
passengers; that, she went on her voyage to Quebec with this most
dangerous cargo, but doubly dangerous combined with human freight, and
with every danger increased tenfold by the voyage taking place in the
most stormy period of the year; that the passengers were cheated of
their proper quantity of provisions; that on account of the serious
damage the vessel received from rolling and straining, occasioned by the
quantity of iron with which she was improperly laden, and on account of
apparent unseaworthiness, the passengers succeeded in persuading the
captain to return to Liverpool, and sent a deputation to the government
emigration agent at Liverpool, to acquaint him with the nature of their
complaints, and to solicit inquiry and redress; that, being fully aware
of the danger to their lives if they went on in the same vessel, they
wanted their passage money back; that they applied to the owners on the
subject, and were met by a refusal; that their application to the
government emigration agent at Liverpool was of no practical benefit,
and that they were obliged again to go to sea in the Annie Jane, after
she had only been roughly overhauled and refitted, the alternative
being: re-embarking in this vessel, or perishing in the streets of
Liverpool from starvation; that the universally expressed opinion was
they had been ill-treated, not only by the owners as regarded
accommodation and provisions, but also by the emigration agent at
Liverpool, who passed the ship in the most careless and superficial
manner, and who paid no sufficient attention to the reiterated
complaints of the passengers; that the Annie Jane, a second time,
proceeded to sea, and within three or four days again lost her masts,
lifeboat, compass, etc; that destruction being inevitable if the voyage
was continued, a petition from the whole of the emigrant passengers was
presented to the captain, praying him to turn back, the petitioners
agreeing to forfeit all their passage money rather than again jeopardise
their lives; that the captain pitched the petition contemptuously into
the sea, threatened
to shoot any one who made further application to him, and actually
allowed the vessel to drift on for nine days towards Quebec without
masts or sails, until, it becoming quite evident the vessel must
founder, the course was altered, and then the vessel, after being five
weeks out, was guided upon Barra Island at twelve o'clock at night,
where she instantly knocked her bottom out, owing to the enormous dead
weight of iron, and in a very short time broke into pieces, smashing and
drowning all on board but 101 persons.
the complaints
were heard in the proper quarter; and, as regards the provisions,
adjusted by the owner with great liberality,
paying each of the passengers
compensation for the injury he complained of, although it did not
appear to the emigration officer that he was called upon to make the
payments to the extent which he did.
After dwelling upon the events which the witnesses examined, in reply
to the allegations in the memorial stated had led to the wreck, Captain
Beechey goes on to say -
From a careful review of the evidence, which I have been at
much pains to collect from the captain and crew, as well as from the
emigrants themselves, there can be no doubt that the loss of the Annie
Jane was occasioned by her having taken on board a cargo of iron without
care having been observed in its stowage. Under these disastrous
circumstances, she had a crew who, though in appearances were more than
ordinarily good, were not sufficient for such a vessel, especially at
such a season of the year; and were besides partly composed of
Canadians, who, with few exceptions, were afraid to go aloft at sea, and
who either would not or could not understand the orders that
were given.
After referring to the evidence of the master, who was strongly of
opinion that vessels carrying cargoes of iron should not be allowed to
embark passengers, he adds -
But without attaching to this opinion more importance than
it deserves, I am disposed to insist on a more rigid supervision of the
stowage of the ship. I am aware that the vessels which embark
passengers at Liverpool are so numerous that it is impossible for the
present staff of emigrant officers to exercise a satisfactory
supervision in this particular, and would strongly advise the
appointment of licensed stevedores, who should be required to render the
government officer a rough statement of the manner in which the cargo is
stowed, and if stowed improperly to represent it, and, if not remedied,
to withhold the certificate. The powers, with which the emigration
officers are armed at present, are sufficient for this purpose if they
are freely exercised, and the officers firmly supported.
Captain Beechey then says -
Though it did not fall within his province to remark upon
the matters which merely concerned the comfort and accommodation of
passengers, yet, in compliance with the wishes of the emigration
commissioners, he would say that the complaint of the unduly crowded
state of the vessel did not at all appear to be well founded, but the
vessel did appear to be in a disgraceful condition after she cleared
from land, from the temporary nature of the fittings. To go farther
into the question would only be to open out the inconveniences and
miseries of emigrant ships.
Captain Beechey then briefly exonerates the captain for proceeding on
the voyage after the passengers had petitioned him to return; and he
attributes their complaints to their ignorance of what it was best to be
done for their safety in a ship so disabled.
The expression "To Quebec or the bottom," made use of by
the captain, and the threat of "shooting any one who attempted to take
his ship from him", was done under excitement, with a secret
determination to put the ship round when he could. He thinks, however,
it was the duty of the captain to return when the ship was so crippled.
After speaking of the difficult nature of the duty of emigrant officers,
and the responsibility of detaining a ship, he suggests that the
responsibility ought to be encountered of refusing a claim for
inefficient performance of particulars, as this appears to be the only
way in which a diminution of the numerous complaints, and more serious
casualties, which have of late befallen vessels, employed in the service
such as that which the Annie Jane was engaged, can be
effected.
Capt. Beechey concludes with a compliment to the
emigration commissioners, for their readiness in furnishing every
information that was required connected with the duties of the
officers.