Iron paddle steamer Brigand, built Page & Grantham, Liverpool, 1840
513 grt, 470 tons(bm), draught 7.5 ft, engines 200 hp.
Owned J. E. Redmond, Wexford. Registered Wexford.
Initially sailed from Wexford to Liverpool and to Bristol, weekly
Voyage Liverpool to London for St. Petersburg.
12 October 1842, struck Bishop Rocks, Scillies and sank in 45 fathoms.
Captain Robert M Hunt and 27 crew saved in 2 ship's boats.
From Liverpool Mail - Tuesday 19 May 1840
Launch of an Iron Steam-Vessel. A splendid iron steam-vessel,
called the Brigand, of 470 tons measurement, was launched, Saturday
last, from the new building-yard of Messrs. Grantham, Page, and Co.,
at the south end of the Brunswick Dock. This vessel, built for E.
Redmond Esq. of Wexford, and is intended to run between that port and
Liverpool. The spirited proprietor is the owner of the Town of
Wexford steamer; but, in consequence of the dangerous state of the bar
of Wexford harbour, in easterly winds, she is not able, at all times,
to carry cargo. Mr. Redmond was, therefore, induced to order a vessel
of iron, to ensure a light draft of water; and his expectations, in
this respect, are likely to be fully realised, as she will be enabled
to carry a heavy cargo on 7ft. 6in. water. The principal peculiarity
of this vessel, over any that have yet been built of iron, is that she
is to be employed in the heavy carrying trade of the Irish channel,
and has consequently, been made much stronger than any that have
preceded her; and although, probably, her hull weighs nearly 100 tons
less than if made of oak, her strength will much exceed timber-built
vessels. From the long experience of the builders, it may be expected
that every means will be employed to make the Brigand as complete as
possible, to increase the confidence in iron vessels which is
everywhere springing up. - Albion.
Image (from Illustrated London News) of wreck
From Bristol Mercury - Saturday 22 October 1842
WRECK OF THE BRIGAND STEAMER. Intelligence reached Bristol on
Saturday morning last, of the loss of the new iron steamer, Brigand,
on the Wednesday preceding, near the Scilly Islands. This news
created considerable excitement in the mercantile world, and more
particularly so from the fact of the Brigand having been built to
trade between Bristol and Liverpool, calling at Wexford, in which
trade she had been employed for the last two years, having left the
station only a fortnight since for the purpose of proceeding from
London to St. Petersburgh, for which port she was intended to sail
from the St. Katharine dock on Thursday last.
The Brigand was one
of the largest and most beautiful iron steamers ever yet built, being
600 tons burthen, and of 180 horse power, and was remarkable for
the beauty of her workmanship, the splendid fittings of her saloon,
and her extraordinary speed. She cost in building £32,000. The
steamer Herald, from Hayle, arrived at Bristol in the course of the
morning, bringing the crew of the unfortunate vessel.
It appears
that the Brigand, having taken in upwards of 200 tons of coals, and
a large quantity of patent fuel, for her consumption on her voyage
to St. Petersburgh, sailed from Liverpool for London at two o'clock
on Monday afternoon, and proceeded safely on her voyage until five
o'clock on Wednesday morning, when they saw the St. Agnes' light,
which, from the refraction of light, the weather being very hazy, they
conceived to be at a considerable distance - they were then steaming at
12 knots an hour. The wind was light, but there was a strong current
setting in for the Bishop rocks. Suddenly the man on the look-out at
the bow sang out "Breakers ahead!" which they distinctly saw, but
too late, unfortunately, for the rate at which they were going was
such that they could not stop her; and, although they put the helm
hard a-port, to endeavour to shave the rock, the vessel immediately
afterwards struck most violently, and two plates of the bluff of her
bow were driven in. She rebounded from the rock, but in an instant
afterwards, such I was the force of the current, she struck again,
broadside on, the force of which blow may be in some measure conceived
from the fact, that it actually drove a great portion of the
paddle-wheel through her side into the engine-room.
The vessel was
built in four compartments, the plan adopted in iron ships, or she
would have gone down instantly, two of her compartments being now
burst, and the water rushing into them at a most fearful rate. By the
two shocks four and a half plates were destroyed, and four angle irons
were gone in the engine-room. The two compartments aft being, however,
still water-tight she continued to float, and every exertion was used
by her commander, Captain Hunt, for upwards of two hours, to save her,
when the crew took to the boats, and shortly afterwards she went down,
about seven miles from the rock, in forty-five fathoms of water. The
mate attributes the loss to the strong current setting then upon the
rock, and to the haze having deceived them as to the distance of the
St. Agnes' light.
The men belonging to the engineering department give
the following interesting narrative of the occurrence. They say that,
having left Liverpool on the Monday afternoon, every thing proceeded
well until a few minutes before five o'clock on Wednesday morning, the
vessel then going at full speed, her engines making upwards of 20
revolutions in the minute, being then, as they have since learned,
close off St. Agnes. They were at work below in the engine-room, when
suddenly they felt a tremendous shock, accompanied by a report like
the roar of cannon, and almost instantaneously a second shock, and
the water rushed in in a fearful manner. They immediately ran on deck,
and found that the vessel had struck the rock, as before described.
One of them was then ordered by the Captain to assist the carpenter
in endeavouring to stop the leak, for which purpose he went down into
the engine-room, where they were still trying to work the engines, but
the paddle-wheel being driven in, had torn the injection-pipes, so
that they would not work, but at slow motion; the engines were kept
working, the Captain (as one man imagines) not thinking the leak so
bad, and that they could get the better of it, or that, as the weather
was so moderate, they might reach some port. On examining the leak in
the engine-room, they found a rent of at least five feet in length,
the rivets being started, and the plates broken, through which water
rushed in a truly fearful manner. They immediately procured a plank,
and having fixed it against the leak by means of stays to the
cylinder, they got a quantity of waste tow and grease, which they
stuffed in and endeavoured to keep out the water, and partially
succeeded in doing so; but the other leak in the forehold, being out
of reach, rendered all their efforts ineffectual; and the water,
continuing to pour in, soon put the fires out, after which, there
being more than four feet of water in the engine-room, they were
compelled to quit it. In the meantime, another portion of the crew had
been ordered by the Captain to go into the hold and throw the coals
and patent fuel overboard, in order to lighten her, and blue lights
were burnt and other signals of distress made. The men went to work
steadily in the hold, getting out the coals, etc., until the water
having gained very much upon them, they rushed on deck. The Captain
having, however, addressed and encouraged them, they returned to the
hold, and continued their exertions for about a quarter of an hour
longer, when the water having risen over the hatches of the lower
deck, they were compelled to quit the hold.
The Captain then called
them all aft on the quarter-deck, and finding that no further
exertions could be made to save the ship, and that she was then fast
sinking forward, the sea at that time breaking over her bow, ordered
them to make preparations for saving themselves, and the two boats
belonging to the Brigand (both jolly boats) were got out, and the crew,
27 in number, placed in them. The captain and mate remained on the
quarter-deck of the unfortunate vessel until the last. The boats,
which were completely crowded, then shoved off, and in a few minutes
the Brigand disappeared, sinking head foremost, about seven miles
from where she struck, and in deep water. The weather, fortunately,
was at this moment particularly moderate, or the boats, in their
crowded state, could not have lived in the sea, and not a soul most
probably would have been left to tell the tale. Having rowed to the
rock, upon which they landed, to survey the coast, they shaped their
course for St. Agnes' Bay, where, to their inexpressible joy, they saw
two boats, well manned, coming to their relief, by whom (the men in
the Brigand's boats being much exhausted from their exertions on
board) they were taken in tow, and about three o'clock in the
afternoon they were fortunately landed at St. Mary's, Scilly, - without
the loss of a single life. The shipwrecked crew then proceeded in a
pilot-boat to Penzance, and were kindly conveyed, passage free, to
Bristol, in the Herald.
The rocks upon which the Brigand was lost have
proved peculiarly fatal, no longer ago than 1841 the Thames steamer was
wrecked within three miles of the same spot, and went down with such
rapidity that 60 or 70 lives were sacrificed. Various suggestions have
been made by nautical men here as to the cause of this wreck, some
saying that the steamer ought not to have gone within many miles of
the Scilly Islands; and that, the weather being moderate, she was
not driven there: while, on the other hand, it is urged, that from
the haziness of the weather she was not aware that site was so near
until too late, the refraction of light deceiving them as to the
distance of the St. Agnes' light; and the current, which is very
strong there, and runs for nine hours in the one direction, and only
three hours in the other, having set them down on the rock.
Unfortunate, however, as this accident has been, it has decidedly
proved the advantage of iron vessels built in compartments; for, had
the leak affected only one compartment, she would undoubtedly have
been saved, and even although, by the extraordinary fact of her
rebounding and striking a second time, two compartments were burst,
yet she floated for more than two hours and a half, enabling the crew
to save themselves: and had they had sufficient boats they could have
saved a good deal of property; while, if she had been built of wood,
she must with such injuries have gone down in less than 10 minutes,
and all hands would have perished.
From Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser - Tuesday 18 October 1842
LOSS OF THE BRIGAND, IRON STEAMER. The following letter has been
received from the captain of the Brigand, iron steamer, which was
unfortunately wrecked, off the Scilly Islands, on Wednesday last:
"I have the misfortune to acquaint you that the Brigand struck on one
of the sunken rocks to the westward of the Scilly Islands, called
the Bishop's Ridge , between four and five o'clock on
Wednesday morning last. I had made St. Agnes' Light some time before,
broad on the larboard bow, and steered S.W. by W., a course which you
will perceive, on every reasonable calculation, should have taken me
clear many miles. The wind was east at the time, and the morning hazy,
making the light appear far more distant than it really was; an
effect (as the inhabitants informed me) always the result of similar
circumstances, and which set ordinary calculation at defiance. I
myself first saw from the quarterdeck the ripple of broken water. The
helm was instantly put hard a-port, when the vessel touched on her
larboard bilge, before the paddle wheels. Two plates, at each side of
the water-tight bulk's-bead, which separate the engine-room from the
fore hold, were broken in. The engine pumps were immediately rigged,
and every endeavour made, but in vain, to staunch the leaks. In
expectation that the water-tight compartments, forward and aft, still
free, would keep the vessel afloat, all hands were set about throwing
overboard 20 tons of patent fuel, stowed between decks; but she
settled down so rapidly by the head, that it became my duty to order
them to the boats. We were 28 in number, and with 14 in each boat, we
shoved off. One boat, in charge of the first mate, I directed to be
pulled immediately to the islands, and returned in the other close to
the vessel, in order to board her again if she remained above water.
About a quarter of an hour afterwards, rising perpendicularly half her
length aft, she went down with a fearful noise, head foremost, the
water spouting through her cabin windows high into the air. You may
imagine the varied feelings that crowded on my mind as our boat,
gunwale down, with her load of 14 souls, floated on the brink of the
vortex made by our sunken ship. After six hours rowing we reached the
shore. But amongst all my cares, I have one solitary gratification to
the conduct of the crew. Not a man went near the boats until I gave
the order to do so; and from the moment the vessel struck until I
took leave of them all safe at Bristol, on Saturday morning, the same
obedience and respect was shewn me as when I walked the deck, their
commander. With the Assistance of the Society for the Benefit of
Shipwrecked Seamen, and from their own willingness to remain under my
control, I had the happiness of being able to provide for their
wants, and to forward them all to their homes -
Sincerely yours, "ROBERT M. HUNT."