When do dogs enter old age? New study provides answers

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A new study from the University of Liverpool funded by BSAVA PetSavers has pinpointed the average age when dogs are considered by vets to be in “old age”, providing insights that can help owners prepare for their pets' senior years.

The research also highlights the most common health issues faced by older dogs, emphasising the importance of early detection and care.

By analysing veterinary electronic health records (EHRs), researchers discovered that dogs are typically described as old age at 12.5 years, though this milestone varies by breed. Smaller breeds, like Jack Russell Terriers, tend to age more slowly, with old age beginning closer to 14 years. Larger breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers, are considered old much earlier, around 12 years.

The study also identified the top five health concerns affecting old age dogs:

  • Weight-related issues (35%): Including overweight, underweight, and weight loss.

  • Musculoskeletal problems (33%): Such as stiffness and mobility challenges.

  • Dental conditions (31%): Ranging from tartar buildup to periodontal disease.

  • Skin-related problems (28%): Including lumps, infections, or hair loss.

  • Digestive issues (22%): Covering symptoms like vomiting or diarrhoea.

The research emphasises that the rate at which dogs age is not ‘one-size-fits-all’.

Professor Carri Westgarth who led the research says: “This study allowed us for the first time to examine when vets start noting that dogs are now in a stage of their life where they consider them to be ‘elderly’ or ‘senior’. By analysing what signs owners were noticing and conditions the vets were diagnosing, we can improve our understanding of how to provide the best care for our dogs.”

Regular check-ups and proactive care are essential, as health concerns associated with old age often overlap and worsen with time.  The findings have been used to develop the “Ageing Canine Toolkit” which includes a free checklist of signs to look out for as your dog ages that might require veterinary advice.

Based on the study’s findings, the researchers offer the following tips for pet owners:

  • Understanding your dog’s specific ageing needs: Understanding your dog's breed-specific ageing can help you stay ahead of their healthcare needs.

  • Be Proactive About Common Conditions: From weight management to dental care, tackling issues early can make a big difference.

  • Visit the Vet Regularly: Early detection is key to ensuring a longer, happier life for your dog.

This innovative research used data from the Small Animal Surveillance Network (SAVSNET), and is among the first to leverage large-scale veterinary records to explore the ageing process in dogs. It was funded by BSAVA PetSavers, the fundraising and grant awarding division of the British Small Animal Veterinary Association.

Click here to read the full study, published in the Journal of Small Animal Practice.