The extensive sociological literature on social movements has traditionally focused on movements in the United States and Western Europe since the 1960s, but there is an increasing awareness amongst scholars that comparable examples of collective action have existed since at least the eighteenth century. This course uses concrete case studies of collective action in Europe from the Suffragettes to Extinction Rebellion to investigate questions about how movements mobilize activists, how they communicate with their publics, the importance of mass media, what unites a movement, and what makes a movement successful. In the process, we will cover revolutionary movements, feminist organizing, hate speech, terrorism, and anti-Communism over the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.