An important feature of this module is the extent to which it combines design activity with very relevant industrial concepts and a deeper understanding of device physical principles and electromagnetism. Over a period of time an approach to the integration of such contrasting concepts has been developed and it is universally regarded by the students as being both stimulating and demanding. It aims to provide the background for later modules, relevant final year projects, but particularly for employment in those industries that are firmly based in microelectronics technology. It develops the concept of design as being more than simple problem solving, but something demanding high levels of innovation still based on sound physical principles. In this respect it builds on earlier work in Engineering Electromagnetism and Integrated Electronics and Design. They are not, however, essential for students to undertake this module. The module is assessed through Design Assignment (25%) and formal examination (75%).