In the age of ‘Fake News’ and ‘Alternative Facts’ questions of what facts are, how they are conveyed or identified, and what consists a ‘lie’ and what ‘truth’, are at the heart of current political and media discourses. The exact same questions pertain to the ancient world as well, and they gain in significance due to our fragmentary written sources and the frequent blurring of what we would call ‘fact’ with ‘fiction’ across a range of genres. Reaching across ancient Greece and Rome, this module investigates the intersection of truth and lies in the texts upon which our engagement with and construction of the ancient world rests. Through a variety of documentary and literary texts, it interrogates the conceptual distinction between truth and lies and explores the ways historians, politicians, poets, authors, and common people use ‘facts’ and ‘fictions’ to generate their own narratives and views of the world they inhabit. These views can be very persuasive and convincing, making it even more difficult to disentangle ‘fact’ from ‘fiction’, to separate ‘truth’ from ‘lies’. The module concludes by examining how contemporary engagements with the Classical past similarly navigate a line between ‘truth’ and ‘lies’ to serve their own agendas.