This course is designed to immerse you in a deep understanding of the global economy and the interconnected legal aspects that shape international business and commerce.
Introduction
Teaching on our International Business and Commercial Law LLM is research-connected. It allows you to engage in current and cutting-edge research-informed modules led by leading experts in the field.
At the core of this course is the unique module, ‘Law, International Business, and Society.’ This module will introduce you to International Business and Commercial Law and to our research ethos and expertise in this area. You will delve into the complex relationships between law, business, and society. Exploring three key domains—international economic governance (including sustainable trade and investment regimes), corporate governance and financial regulation, and the legal foundations of the knowledge economy (such as creations, inventions, and technology)— you will analyse how law and social justice intersect in these areas.
This course enables you to tailor your studies based on your interests and professional goals, whether focused on international trade and economic law, corporate law and regulation, or the legal aspects of the knowledge economy, creativity, and technology.
All students are given our specialised Legal Research Training as preparation for writing their dissertation. The module covers advance legal research, legal writing, as well as theoretical perspectives and research methodologies.
Upon completion of this course, you’ll emerge a graduate capable of meeting the requirements of an increasingly specialised employment market, both within and outside the legal professions.
Who is this course for?
This LLM is suitable for graduates of Law or a relevant degree subject area such as business, economics, political science, history, criminology, sociology, international relations etc.
What you'll learn
Advanced study in a range of subjects within the specialist field of international business and commercial law
A well-rounded understanding of international business and commercial law within the broader context of global relations, history, economics, politics, social policy, and modern society
A range of skills required for any professional environment (e.g. communication, problem solving)
How to apply legal knowledge to a practical situation and draw reasoned conclusions supported by legal authority
Digital fluency
Course content
Discover what you'll learn, what you'll study, and how you'll be taught and assessed.
Semester one
During the course of this LLM, you will complete 180 credits in total, with 120 credits delivered via taught modules.
In Semester One, you will study one compulsory module and two optional modules.
Compulsory modules
Law, International Business, and Society (LAW528)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 1
The module offers you the opportunity to explore the key tenets of a complex framework governing the relationships between law, international business and society. At the heart of the module are globalization processes which have led to the internationalisation of economy and finance, the expansion of technologies and significant changes in the role of nation-states. Challenges raised by these economic and political transformations frequently converge on a question of how to reconcile and align corporate and business practices with societal well-being. This module will explore how law and social justice issues intersect in three principal domains: international economic governance (including sustainable trade and investment regimes); corporate governance and financial regulation; and law and the foundations of knowledge economy (creations, inventions, and technology).
Optional modules
DARK WEB CRIME (LAW516)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 2
In today’s technologically astute society, the way in which crime is conducted is evolving at an ever-increasing rate. Dark Web crime is the latest, most evolved, strain of cybercrime. It involves criminals accessing a hidden part of the internet, the Dark Web, in order to facilitate and commit a range of illegal activities including drug trafficking, the sale of firearms and personal information, terrorist financing, and money laundering. In so doing. Dark Web criminals utilise a range of privacy enhancing software (Tor, VPNs, and cryptocurrencies) with the aim of evading law enforcement detection. In this module, students will learn about the fundamental characteristics of the Dark Web, the challenges it presents to the law and law enforcement across a range of different criminal offences, and recent legal attempts to intervene in this space.
DIGITAL JUSTICE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES (LAW518)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 1
Contemporary societies, including civil and criminal judging are increasingly relying on digital technologies. The use of these technologies and gradual turn to digital justice will only increase over time. New technologies range from basic video-conferencing tools to complex big data profiling and surveillance. Implementation of technical solutions does not only improve the ability of legal systems to achieve their aims but can also lead to significant challenges in various areas of law. This module will look at how new technologies and digital justice are implemented in law and what consequences they might have. Students will benefit from deeper understanding of the cutting-edge digital technologies applied in law and learn the limits of such application.
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT (LAW542)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 1
International Law and Foreign Investment explores investment treaty law and investment arbitration practice. During the course of the module, students will be able to develop a range of fundamental and advanced legal and transferable skills, embedded in the knowledge of international legal rules on the protection of foreign business actors. The module will be delivered via weekly two-hour seminars. The module will be of interest to students wishing to specialise in international business and international economic law as well as to those who would like to deepen their knowledge of international law in general.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW AND PUBLIC HEALTH (LAW546)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 1
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for almost 70% of all deaths worldwide. Almost three quarters of all NCD deaths, and 82% of the 16 million premature deaths, occur in low- and middle-income countries. NCDs have devastating consequences for individuals, families, and communities; they threaten to overwhelm health systems; and they hinder development. The international community has acknowledged the scope of the problem and undertaken to act to reduce the availability, acceptability and affordability of tobacco products, alcoholic beverages and unhealthy food. However, state efforts to regulate the tobacco, alcohol and food industries to prevent NCDs and promote public health have given rise to expensive challenges anchored in international trade and investment law, as illustrated by recent claims challenging tobacco control legislation in Australia and Uruguay. The regulation of alcoholic beverages and unhealthy food could face similar challenges under international trade and investment law as the food and alcohol industries become more regulated. This raises important and timely questions about how international trade and investment law can affect state regulatory autonomy in designing and implementing measures for preventing NCDs
LAW OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (LAW526)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 1
The module will explore the institutional aspects of WTO, its dispute settlement mechanism, and rules on goods, services, subsidies and dumping, intellectual property, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, safeguards, and dispute settlement. It will also examine the societal and political implications of the WTO trade regime (trade and human rights, development, environment, and sovereignty).
Contemporary Issues in Intellectual Property Law (LAW529)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 2
This module will introduce you to Intellectual Property Law and equip you with a body of essential knowledge of various intellectual property rights in a national, regional and international context. You will explore a range of important, contemporary issues affecting IP Law, such as intellectual property rights and the public interest; the emergence of patent trolls, and the protection of computer implemented inventions. Completion of the module will enable you to develop a set of intellectual tools necessary to critically engage with current debates at the intersection of law, regulation, and business. If you have previously studied any branch of intellectual property law, the module will enhance your existing knowledge, skills and understanding but the module does not presuppose any prior knowledge and is equally suited to students who are new to the subject.
Any optional modules listed above are illustrative only and may vary from year to year. Modules may be subject to minimum student numbers being achieved and staff availability. This means that the availability of specific optional modules cannot be guaranteed.
Semester Two
In Semester Two, you will study three optional modules.
Optional modules
Competition Law (LAW519)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 1
Competition law is an increasingly popular and exciting area of law whose aim is to make free markets work to consumers’ benefit. As markets develop and change rapidly, the implementation of competition law raises challenging questions that are vital for the effective functioning of markets and the protection of citizen welfare. These questions include: how can competition law be implemented in fast changing technology markets without stifling innovation? How can competition and intellectual property rules coexist without reducing the effectiveness of either? Can individuals working in gig economy organise to protect their interests without triggering competition rules?
These are some of the questions we will tackle in this module. In terms of the substantive content, the module will focus on, among others, the main rules of competition in the UK and the EU legal systems, including rules against anti-competitive agreements, monopolisation/abuse of dominance, anticompetitive mergers and public and private enforcement of competition rules. The module will be taught through discursive seminars leading to an extensive understanding of the operation of competition rules. The module will be assessed by coursework.
Corporate Rescue and Insolvency (LAW527)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 1
Should insolvent companies be rescued for the benefit of stakeholders such as employees, suppliers, local industry and local livelihoods? Or in the alternative should the insolvent company be allowed to wither and die through liquidation as part of what Schumpeter has called ‘Gales of Creative Destruction” of capitalism? In short, should we prioritise creditors or community with our corporate rescue and insolvency laws?
The ‘Corporate Rescue and Insolvency’ LLM module critically examines the legal rules, policy, and theoretical underpinnings that exist to deal with insolvent companies through a lens of corporate rescue.
The corporate rescue regimes (administration, company voluntary arrangements (CVAs), moratoriums, Part26A restructuring, schemes of arrangement) that facilitate rescue of the company are critically examined in the module. The focus of the module is on rescue as opposed to terminal procedures such as liquidation and striking off.
The rescue culture is examined from a theoretical perspective. We examine the main international theories of corporate rescue and restructuring (e.g. Jackson, Warren, Korobkin, Gross) to place corporate rescue in theoretical context. There is a strong focus on bankruptcy communitarianism in the module to reflect the idea that an insolvency law should exist for the benefit of numerous stakeholders, not just creditors. This approach engenders our social justice activity as a law department.
Students will leave the module with a thorough theoretical and policy grasp of corporate rescue.
INSOLVENCY IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW (LAW544)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 2
A global company is technically insolvent. The company’s registered office is in one jurisdiction, England and Wales. However, the company has subsidiaries in numerous other jurisdictions across the globe. The company also has assets and creditors in those multiple jurisdictions. How should this troubled company be dealt with by corporate insolvency law? Should each jurisdiction keep the assets in that jurisdiction and only distribute them to creditors in that jurisdiction? Or in the alternative should the assets be remitted to other jurisdictions with different and perhaps stronger creditor claims? Should judges co-operate across borders to resolve insolvency issues? In short how should we deal with the theoretical and technical difficulties thrown up by cross-border insolvency? This LLM module attempts to answer these questions in a critical manner against the backdrop of a number of approaches which have been developed over time in a number of different jurisdictions. These approaches have included common law, statutory, and international solutions to the interesting and complex area of cross-border insolvency. The module engages in the main theoretical and policy techniques for dealing with cross-border insolvency, including territorialism and universalism. Recent case law developments such as Cambridge, HIH and Rubin are critically examined together with academic comment by leading cross-border insolvency commentators such as Chan Ho, Mevorach and Fletcher.
INTERNATIONAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT (LAW521)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 1
This module provides an introduction to the mechanisms and methods of international dispute settlement. It examines the nature of international disputes and the law, techniques and institutions of dispute settlement. The module also explores comparatively the key procedural issues that have been addressed before different international courts and tribunals. In addition, the module examines the major challenges and controversies in international adjudication, stemming from the multiplication of international adjudicative bodies, the so-called fragmentation of international law, from judicial law-making, and from the impact of politics on the functioning of international courts and tribunals. Finally, as the focus is on disputes in which at least one party is a state entity, the module discusses litigation by non-state actors, especially foreign investors against states and the role of international dispute settlement in economic governance.
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CRIME (LAW585)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 2
Financial crime is a trillion dollar industry. Its methods, like its effects, are many and varied, ranging from relatively simple frauds, to sophisticated criminal operations traversing national boundaries and taking advantage of emerging and established technologies and professionals. This module introduces students to some of the key issues in legal and regulatory fight against financial crime drawing on examples from a range of case studies, including anti-money laundering, terrorist financing, bribery and corruption and fraud. The module is internationally focused addressing the relevant law from international, European, and domestic perspectives
LAW AND REGULATION OF BLOCKCHAIN AND CRYPTOCURRENCIES (LAW517)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 2
Blockchain and cryptocurrencies are increasingly popular technological constructs that are discussed widely in popular and traditional media due to their fundamental implications on the operation of financial markets and monetary policies. In reality, these constructs offer potential implications for the operation of the law that goes beyond the limited areas of finance and monetary policy. In turn, it is a particular challenge to effectively regulate these fluid concepts due to their abstract nature. In this module, students will learn about the fundamental characteristics of blockchain and cryptocurrencies, their relationship with the law and the most recent international attempts to regulate them.
Corporate Governance and Directors’ Duties (LAW530)
Credits: 20 /
Semester: semester 2
Corporate governance remains a critical topic of public interest in the 21st Century, an era which has seen the power of institutional investors increase, governance scandals and executive remuneration dominate headlines, and debates around shareholder activism come to the fore, all whilst the global impact of corporations has grown.
However, ideas about how corporations should be governed vary widely and there is disagreement on such issues as the purpose of the corporation, the role of boards of directors, the rights of shareholders, and the proper way to measure corporate performance.
The issue of whose interests should be considered in corporate decision making is particularly contentious, with some authorities giving primacy to shareholders’ interest in maximizing their financial returns and others arguing that shareholders’ other interest, e.g. in corporate strategy, executive compensation, and environmental policies, etc and the interests of other stakeholders must be respected as well.
This module examines these contentious areas of corporate governance and directors’ duties through doctrinal and theoretical lenses. The module engages with the latest literature and thought to provide a critical discussion forum to enlighten understanding of these complex and engaging issues.
Any optional modules listed above are illustrative only and may vary from year to year. Modules may be subject to minimum student numbers being achieved and staff availability. This means that the availability of specific optional modules cannot be guaranteed.
Final Project
Your course concludes with a 60-credit supervised research project (dissertation) undertaken following completion of the taught modules.
Compulsory modules
Dissertation (LAW540)
Credits: 60 /
Semester: whole session
This module consists of preparing a dissertation which is researched and written during the Summer. The dissertation is on an approved topic, in the field of the relevant specialism in case of students opting for a specialised LLM (as opposed to the general LLM). The module is worth 60 credits (a third of the entire LLM programme) and is a prerequisite for the award of an LLM. The process of preparing the dissertation is supported by legal research and library training in semester 1, by a dissertation workshop in semester 2, and by individual supervision during the Summer.
Any optional modules listed above are illustrative only and may vary from year to year. Modules may be subject to minimum student numbers being achieved and staff availability. This means that the availability of specific optional modules cannot be guaranteed.
How you'll learn
Teaching methods depend upon the module, but most modules are taught via in-person seminars on campus.
Independent study is an important part of your learning at this level, and you’ll be expected to prepare in advance through guided reading and independent learning activities.
Your weekly seminars prioritise collaborative discussion and group work based on the reading and learning tasks you’ll be asked to complete before the seminar. This allows you to apply your skills, knowledge and understanding, enabling your tutor to provide immediate feedback on the tasks.
How you're assessed
You will usually study six modules, three modules in each of the first two terms. In the third term, over the Summer, you will complete a dissertation.
The assessment of our LLM courses takes different formats according to the module’s learning objectives. This includes research-focused coursework, direct written papers, group presentations and seen examinations. For semester one modules, the formal assessment period is January; for semester two modules, the assessment period is May-June.
Your 12,000-word dissertation will be completed during Semester 3 (July to September). We provide legal research training, and you will have an allocated expert supervisor so you are properly prepared and have support and guidance each step of the way.
Liverpool Hallmarks
We have a distinctive approach to education, the Liverpool Curriculum Framework, which focuses on research-connected teaching, active learning, and authentic assessment to ensure our students graduate as digitally fluent and confident global citizens.
Your experience
The Liverpool Law School has a proud tradition and over a century’s experience of inspiring and challenging its students to reach their potential.
We have developed excellent longstanding relationships, links and collaborations with the local community, international partners, policymakers and practitioners in the fields of law and social justice.
Support for students with differing needs from the Disability advice and guidance team. They can identify and recommend appropriate support provisions for you.
An exciting place to study law
Dedicated to small group teaching
Taught by leading researchers in the field
Access to a vibrant programme of extra-curricular activities, including visiting lecture programme
A friendly and fun student community with supportive staff
Excellent links with employers and employability opportunities including the possibility of participation in our own award-winning Law Clinic.
Our LLM programme is designed to enhance your academic profile and to ensure that you leave us with highly marketable skills, whatever you decide that market to be.
We offer extra-curricular networking, skills and research events, plus access to our full range of Law Extra events. We will arrange specific visits from professionals and researchers working in the field, and you will also be encouraged to actively participate in the activities of the department’s Corporations, Law and Society research unit.
Career support from day one to graduation and beyond
An LLM in International Business and Commercial Law provides rigorous training in legal analysis and promotes critical thinking, independent research and project management skills. As such, it is excellent preparation for pursuing a career in legal practice and developing knowledge and skills in matters of contemporary importance in international business and commercial law.
Graduates will be able to pursue careers in areas of trade, investment, financial, or regulatory legal interest, including international organisations, government, or industry.
For those interested in the political and social dimensions of global economic regulation and responsible business, third-sector organisations such as NGOs or charities. The LLM also serves as an entry into post-doctoral studies.
Fees and funding
Your tuition fees, funding your studies, and other costs to consider.
Tuition fees
UK fees (applies to Channel Islands, Isle of Man and Republic of Ireland)
Full-time place, per year
£11,700
Part-time place, per year
£5,850
International fees
Full-time place, per year
£24,100
Part-time place, per year
£12,050
Fees stated are for the 2025-26 academic year.
Tuition fees cover the cost of your teaching and assessment, operating facilities such as libraries, IT equipment, and access to academic and personal support.
If you're a UK national, or have settled status in the UK, you may be eligible to apply for a Postgraduate Loan worth up to £12,167 to help with course fees and living costs. Learn more about fees and funding.
Additional costs
We understand that budgeting for your time at university is important, and we want to make sure you understand any course-related costs that are not covered by your tuition fee. This could include buying a laptop, books, or stationery.
We accept a 2:2 honours degree from a UK university, or an equivalent academic qualification from a similar non-UK institution. This degree should be in Law (BA or LLB) or a closely related subject, including Political Science, Sociology, Philosophy, International Relations, Banking, Management Studies, Humanities, Social Sciences and Economics.
Candidates whose first degree is in a discipline other than Law may be admitted at the discretion of the Programme Director, e.g. if they have relevant work experience (relevant work experience might include work in the legal or corporate sectors) or a degree in a relevant discipline, such as Business, Economics, Political Science, History, Criminology, Sociology, International Relations etc.
International qualifications
If you hold a bachelor’s degree or equivalent, but don’t meet our entry requirements, you could be eligible for a Pre-Master’s course. This is offered on campus at the University of Liverpool International College, in partnership with Kaplan International Pathways. It’s a specialist preparation course for postgraduate study, and when you pass the Pre-Master’s at the required level with good attendance, you’re guaranteed entry to a University of Liverpool master’s degree.
International applicants who do not meet the minimum required standard of English language can complete one of our Pre-Sessional English courses to achieve the required level.
English language qualification
Requirements
IELTS
6.5 overall, with no component below 6.0
TOEFL iBT
88 overall, with minimum scores of listening 19, writing 19, reading 19 and speaking 20. TOEFL Home Edition not accepted.
Duolingo English Test
120 overall, with no component below 105
Pearson PTE Academic
61 overall, with no component below 59
LanguageCert Academic
70 overall, with no skill below 65
PSI Skills for English
B2 Pass with Merit in all bands
INDIA Standard XII
National Curriculum (CBSE/ISC) - 75% and above in English. Accepted State Boards - 80% and above in English.
WAEC
C6 or above
PRE-SESSIONAL ENGLISH
Do you need to complete a Pre-Sessional English course to meet the English language requirements for this course?
The length of Pre-Sessional English course you’ll need to take depends on your current level of English language ability.
Liverpool bursts with diversity and creativity which makes it ideal for you to undertake your postgraduate studies and access various opportunities for you and your family.
To fully immerse yourself in the university experience living in halls will keep you close to campus where you can always meet new people. Find your home away from home.
Discover what expenses are covered by the cost of your tuition fees and other finance-related information you may need regarding your studies at Liverpool.
Contact us
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