2024

Gating-out emission for fluorescence-free Raman spectra for the study of electrode interfaces
A.R. Neale, I.V. Sazanovich, L.J. Hardwick*.
Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 45, (2024) 101480 DOI

Accessing Mg‐Ion Storage in V₂PS₁₀ via Combined Cationic‐Anionic Redox with Selective Bond Cleavage
M.A. Wright, T.W. Surta, J.A. Evans, J. Lim, H. Jo, C.J. Hawkins, M. Bahri, L.M Daniels, R. Chen, M. Zanella, L.G. Chagas, J. Cookson, P. Collier, G. Cibin, A.V Chadwick, M.S. Dyer, N.D. Browning, J.B. Claridge, L.J. Hardwick, M.J. Rosseinsky
Angew. Chemie. Int. Ed. (2024) e202400837 DOI

Superionic lithium transport via multiple coordination environments defined by two-anion packing
G. Han, A. Vasylenko, L.M. Daniels, C.M. Collins, L. Corti, R. Chen, H. Niu, T.D. Manning, D. Antypov, M.S. Dyer, J. Lim, M. Zanella, M. Sonni, M. Bahri, H. Jo, Y. Dang, C.M. Robertson, F. Blanc, L.J. Hardwick, N.D. Browning, J.B. Claridge, M.J. Rosseinsky
Science 383 (2024), 739-745 DOI

Exploring carbon electrode parameters in Li-O₂ cells: Li₂O₂ and Li₂CO₃ formation
B.P. Sousa, C.G. Anchieta, T.M.C. Nepel, A.R. Neale, L.J. Hardwick, M.R. Filho, G. Doubek
J. Mater. Chem. A 12 (2024) 7215-7226 DOI

Simultaneous Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with a Kerr Gate for Fluorescence Suppression
G. Cabello, I.V. Sazanovich, I. Siachos, M. Bilton, B.L. Mehdi, A.R. Neale, L.J. Hardwick*
J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 15 (2024) 608-615 DOI

Concluding remarks: a summary of the Faraday Discussion on rechargeable non-aqueous metal–oxygen batteries
L.J. Hardwick*
Faraday Discussions 248 (2024) 412-422 DOI

Effect of alkali-metal cation on oxygen adsorption at Pt single-crystal electrodes in non-aqueous electrolytes
J. Fernández-Vidal, L.J. Hardwick, G. Cabello, G.A. Attard
Faraday Discussions 248 (2024) 102-118 DOI

2023

Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Y.J. Zhang, H. Ze, P.P. Fang, Y.F. Huang, A. Kudelski, J. Fernández-Vidal, L.J.Hardwick, J. Lipkowski, S.Q.Tian, J.F. Li.
Nature Reviews Methods Primers 3 (2023) 36 DOI

Electrodeposition of Manganese Dioxide Coatings onto Graphene Foam Substrates for Electrochemical Capacitors F. Braga, G. Casano, L.M. Daniels, M. Caffio, L.J. Hardwick. 
Electrochimica Acta (2023) 142433 DOI

Fluorine-Rich Oxyfluoride Spinel-like Li1.25Ni0.625Mn1.125O3F Utilizing Redox-Active Ni and Mn for High Capacity and Improved Cyclability 
H. Cai, R. Chen, M. Bahri, C.J. Hawkins, M. Sonni, L.M. Daniels, J. Lim, J.A. Evans, M. Zanella, L.A.H. Jones. T.D. Manning, T.D. Veal, L.J.Hardwick, M.S.Dyer, N.D. Browning, J.B. Claridge, M.J.Rosseinsky.
ACS Materials Letters 5 (2023) 527-535 DOI

Towards commercialization of fluorinated cation-disordered rock-salt Li-ion cathodes
G.H. Lee, J. Lim, J. Shin, L.J. Hardwick, W. Yang 
Frontiers in Chemistry 11 (2023) DOI

Raman analysis of inverse vulcanised polymers 
L.J. Dodd, C. Lima, D. Costa-Milan, A.R. Neale, B. Saunders, B. Zhang, S.A. Bowen, A. Sarua, R. Goodacre, L.J. Hardwick, M. Kuball, T. Hassell.
Polymer Chemistry 14 (2023) 1369-1386 DOI

Effect of alkali-metal cation on oxygen adsorption at Pt single-crystal electrodes in non-aqueous electrolytes
J. Fernández-Vidal, L.J. Hardwick, G. Cabello, & G.A. Attard (2023).
Faraday Discussions DOI

Localised degradation within sulfide-based all-solid-state electrodes visualised by Raman mapping
J. Lim, Y. Zhou, R.H. Powell, T. Ates, S. Passerini, , & L.J. Hardwick (2023).
Chemical Communications 59(51) 7982-7985 DOI

Nanophase-photocatalysis: loading, storing, and release of H₂O₂ using graphitic carbon nitride
A. Karunakaran, K.J. Francis, C.R. Bowen, R.J. Ball, Y. Zhao, L, Wang, . . . F. Marken, (2023).
Chemical Communications 59(48), 7423-7426. DOI

2022

Oxygen heteroatom enhanced sulfur-rich polymers synthesized by inverse vulcanization for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries
H. Wang, B Zhang, R. Dop, P. Yan, A.R. Neale, L.J. Hardwick, T. Hasell.
J. Power Sources 545 (2022) 231921 DOI

Corrosion suppression of aluminium current collectors within Li-ion cells using 3-methoxypropionitrile-based electrolytes
C.H. Yen, A.R. Neale, J. Lim, D. Bresser, C.-C. Hu, L.J. Hardwick.
Electrochim. Acta (2022) 141105 DOI

Lithium Insertion into Graphitic Carbon Observed via Operando Kerr-Gated Raman Spectroscopy Enables High State of Charge Diagnostics
A.R. Neale, D. Costa-Milan, F. Braga, I.V. Sazanovich, L.J. Hardwick.
ACS Energy Letts. 7 (2022) 2611 DOI

Long-Life and pH-Stable SnO₂-Coated Au Nanoparticles for SHINERS
J. Fernández-Vidal, A. Gomez, L.A.H. Jones, C.H. Yen, T.D. Veal, V.R. Dhanak, C.-C. Hu, L.J. Hardwick.
J. Phys. Chem. C 126 (2022) 12074 DOI

Dynamics of Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Silicon Electrodes Revealed by Combinatorial Electrochemical Screening
D. Martín-Yerga, D.Costa. Milan, X. Xu, J. Fernández-Vidal, L. Whalley, A.J. Cowan, L.J. Hardwick, P. Unwin.
Angew. Chemie. Int. Ed. (2022) e202207184 DOI

A Pyrene-4, 5, 9, 10-Tetraone-Based Covalent Organic Framework Delivers High Specific Capacity as a Li-Ion Positive Electrode
H. Gao, A.R. Neale, Q. Zhu, M. Bahri, X. Wang, H. Yang, Y. Xu, R. Clowes, N.D. Browning, M.A. Little, L.J. Hardwick, A.I. Cooper.
J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 144 (2022) 9436 DOI

Investigating the presence of adsorbed species on Pt steps at low potentials
R. Rizo, J. Fernández-Vidal, L.J. Hardwick, G.A. Attard, F.J. Vidal-Iglesias, V. Climent, E. Herrero, J.M. Feliu.
Nature Commun. 13 (2022) 255 DOI

2021

Ordered Oxygen Vacancies in the Lithium-Rich Oxide Li₄CuSbO_5.5, a Triclinic Structure Type Derived from the Cubic Rocksalt Structure
A.J. Perez, A. Vasylenko, T.W. Surta, H. Niu, L.M. Daniels, L.J. Hardwick, M.S. Dyer, J.B. Claridge, M.J. Rosseinsky.
Inorg. Chem. 60 (2021) 19022 DOI

Design Parameters for Ionic Liquid–Molecular Solvent Blend Electrolytes to Enable Stable Li Metal Cycling Within Li–O₂ Batteries
A.R. Neale, R. Sharpe, S. Yeandel, C.H. Yen, K.V. Luzyanin, P. Goddard, E. Petrucco, L.J. Hardwick
Adv. Funct Mater. 31 (2021) 2170193 DOI

Integrated Covalent Organic Framework/Carbon Nanotube Composite as Li‐Ion Positive Electrode with Ultra‐High Rate Performance
H. Gao, Q. Zhu, A.R. Neale, M. Bahri, X. Wang, H. Yang, L. Liu, R. Clowes, N.D. Browning, R.S. Sprick, M.A. Little, L.J. Hardwick, A.I. Cooper
Adv. Ener. Mater. 11 (2021) 210880 DOI

Trapped interfacial redox introduces reversibility in the oxygen reduction reaction in a non-aqueous Ca²⁺ electrolyte
Y.-T. Lu, A.R. Neale, C.-C. Hu, L.J. Hardwick
Chem. Sci., 1 (2021) 8909 DOI

Extended Condensed Ultraphosphate Frameworks with Monovalent Ions Combine Lithium Mobility with High Computed Electrochemical Stability
G. Han, A. Vasylenko, A.R. Neale, B. Duff, R. Chen, M.S. Dyer, Y. Dang, L. Daniels, M. Zanella, C. Robertson, L. Kershaw Cook, A.-L. Hansen, M. Knapp, L.J. Hardwick, F. Blanc, J.B. Claridge, M.J. Rosseinsky
J. Amer. Chem Soc. (2021) DOI

Element selection for crystalline inorganic solid discovery guided by unsupervised machine learning of experimentally explored chemistry
A. Vasylenko, J. Gamon, B. Duff, V.V. Guse, L.M. Daniels, M. Zanella, J.F Shin, P.M. Sharp, A. Morscher, R. Chen, A.R. Neale, L.J. Hardwick, J.B. Claridge, F. Blanc, M.W. Gaultois, M.S. Dyer, M.J. Rosseinsky
Nature Commun. 12 143 (2021) 18216 DOI

Data Management Plans: The Importance of Data Management in the BIG-MAP Project
I.E. Castelli, D.J. A. Arrieta, A. Bhowmik, I. Cekic-Laskovic, S. Clark, R. Dominko, E. Flores, J. Flowers, K.U. Frederiksen, J. Friis, A. Grimaud, K.V. Hansen, L.J. Hardwick, K. Hermansson, L. Königer, H. Lauritzen, F. Le Cras, H. Li, S. Lyonnard, H. Lorrmann, N. Marzari, L. Niedzicki, G. Pizzi, F. Rahmanian, H. Stein, M.U., W. Wenzel, M. Winter, C. Wölke, T. Vegge
Batteries&SuperCap. (2021) DOI

Porous polyimide separator promotes uniform lithium plating for lithium-free cells
J.-Y. Pai, H.-Y. Ku, C.-C. Lin, L.J. Hardwick, C.-C. Hu
Electrochem. Sci. Adv. (2021) DOI

The Effect of Degrees of Inversion on the Electronic Structure of Spinel NiCo2O4: A Density Functional Theory Study
T.-C. Chang, Y.-T. Lu, C.-H. Lee, J.K. Gupta, L.J. Hardwick, C.-C. Hu, H.-Y.T. Chen
ACS Omega 6 (2021) 9692 DOI

Divalent Nonaqueous Metal-Air Batteries
Y.-T. Lu, A.R. Neale, C.-C. Hu, L.J. Hardwick
Frontiers in Energy Research, 8 (2021) 602918 DOI

Engineering of electrospun polyimide separators for electrical double-layer capacitors and lithium-ion cells
J.Y. Pai, C.T. Hsieh, C.H. Lee, J.A. Wang, H.Y. Ku, C.L. Huang, L.J. Hardwick, C.-C. Hu
Journal of Power Sources 482 (2021) 229054 DOI

2020

An electrochemical investigation of oxygen adsorption on Pt single crystal electrodes in a non-aqueous Li⁺ electrolyte
T.A. Galloway, G. Attard, L.J. Hardwick
Electrochemistry Communications 119 (2020) 106814 DOI

Crosslinked Polyimide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites as Long Cycle Life Positive Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Cells
H. Gao, B. Tian, H. Yang, A.R. Neale, M.A. Little, R.S. Sprick, L.J. Hardwick, A.I. Cooper
ChemSusChem 13 (2020) 5571 DOI

2020 roadmap on solid-state batteries
M Pasta, D Armstrong, ZL Brown, J Bu, MR Castell, P Chen, A Cocks, S.A. Corr, E.J. Cussen, E. Darnbrough, V. Deshpande, C .Doerrer, M.S. Dyer, H. El-Shinawi, N. Fleck, P. Grant, G.L. Gregory, C. Grovenor, L.J. Hardwick, J.T.S. Irvine, H.J. Lee, G. Li, E. Liberti, I. McClelland, C. Monroe, P.D. Nellist, P.R. Shearing, E. Shoko, W. Song, D.S. Jolly, C.I. Thomas, S.J. Turrell, M. Vestli, C.K. Williams, Y. Zhou, P.G. Bruce
Journal of Physics: Energy 2 (2020) 032008 DOI

Na₂Fe₂OS₂, a new earth abundant oxysulphide cathode material for Na-ion batteries
J .Gamon, A.J. Perez, L.A.H. Jones, M. Zanella, L.M. Daniels, R.E. Morris, C.C. Tang, T.D. Veal, L.J. Hardwick, M.S. Dyer, J.B. Claridge, M.J. Rosseinsky
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 8 (2020) 20553 DOI

Sn 5s² lone pairs and the electronic structure of tin sulphides: A photoreflectance, high-energy photoemission, and theoretical investigation
L.A.H. Jones, W.M. Linhart, N. Fleck, J.E.N. Swallow, P.A.E. Murgatroyd, H. Shiel, T.J. Featherstone, M.J. Smiles, P.K. Thakur, T.-L. Lee, L.J. Hardwick, J. Alaria, F. Jäckel, R. Kudrawiec, L.A. Burton, A. Walsh, J.M. Skelton, T.D. Veal, V.R. Dhanak
Physical Review Materials 4 (2020) 074602 DOI

Quantitative Resolution of Complex Stoichiometric Changes During Electrochemical Cycling by Density Functional Theory Assisted, Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance
T.-H. Wu, I. Scivetti, J.-C. Chen, J.-A. Wang, G. Teobaldi, C.-C. Hu L.J. Hardwick
ACS Applied Energy Materials 3 (2020) 3347 DOI

Observation of Interfacial Degradation of Li6PS5Cl against Lithium Metal and LiCoO2 via In Situ Electrochemical Raman Microscopy
Y. Zhou, C. Doerrer, J. Kasemchainan, P.G. Bruce, M. Pasta, L.J. Hardwick
Batteries & Supercaps 3 (2020) 647 DOI

Water oxidation intermediates on iridium oxide electrodes probed by in situ electrochemical SHINERS
K.H. Saeed, M. Forster, J.F. Li, L.J. Hardwick, A.J. Cowan
Chemical Communications 56 (2020) 1129 DOI

Intercalation behaviour of Li and Na into 3-layer and multilayer MoS₂ flakes
J. Zou, F. Li, M.A. Bissett, F. Kim, L.J. Hardwick
Electrochimica Acta 331 (2020) 135284 DOI

2019

Enhanced oxygen evolution performance of spinel Fe_0.1Ni_0.9Co₂O₄/ Activated carbon composites
Y.-T. Lu, J. Wu, Z.-X. Lin, T.-H. You, S.-C. Lin, H.-Y. T. Chen, L. J. Hardwick and C.-C. Hu
Electrochimica Acta., (2019), 326, 134986 DOI

Kerr gated Raman spectroscopy of LiPF₆ salt and LiPF₆-based organic carbonate electrolyte for Li-ion batteries
L. Cabo-Fernandez, A. R. Neale, F. Braga, I. V. Sazanovich, R. Kostecki and L. J. Hardwick
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., (2019), Advance Article DOI

The Facile Fabrication of a Light-weight Dual-functional Modified Separator towards High Performance Li-S Batteries
R. Yi, X. Lin, Y. Zhao, C. Liu, Y. Li, L.J. Hardwick, L. Yang, C. Zhao, X. Geng and Q. Zhang
ChemElectroChem., 6 (2019), 3648 DOI

Stabilization of O-O bonds by d0 cations in Li_4+xNi_1-xWO₆ (0≤ x≤ 0.25) rocksalt oxides as the origin of large voltage hysteresis
Z.N. Taylor, A.J. Perez, J.A. Coca-Clemente, F. Braga, N.E. Drewett, M.J. Pitcher, W.J. Thomas, M.S. Dyer, C. Collins, M. Zanella, T. Johnson, S. Day, C. Tang, V.R. Dhanak, J.B. Claridge, L.J. Hardwick and M.J. Rosseinsky
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 141 18 (2019), 7333- 7346 DOI

Advanced spectroelectrochemical techniques to study electrode interfaces within lithium-ion and lithium-oxygen batteries 
A. J. Cowan and L. J. Hardwick
Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem., 12 (2019), 23.1- 23.24 DOI

Adsorption, surface relaxation and electrolyte structure at Pt(111) electrodes in non-aqueous and aqueous acetonitrile electrolytes
G. S. Harlow, I. M. Aldous, P. Thompson, Y. Grunder, L. J. Hardwick and C. A. Lucas
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 21 (2019), 8654-8662 DOI

Evaluating chemical bonding in dioxides for the development of metal-oxygen batteries: vibrational spectroscopic trends of dioxygenyls, dioxygen, superoxides and peroxides
P. M. Radjenovic and L. J. Hardwick
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 21 (2019), 1552-1563 DOI

A light-weight free-standing graphene foam-based interlayer towards improved Li-S cells 
R. Yi, C. Liu, Y. Zhao, L. J. Hardwick, Y. Li, X. Geng, Q. Zhang, L. Yang, C. Zhao
Electrochimica Acta, 299 (2019), 479-488 DOI

Oxygen reactions on Pt{hkl} in a non-aqueous Na+ electrolyte: Site selective stabilization of a sodium peroxy species
T. A. Galloway,  J. Dong, J.F. Li, G. Attard and L. J. Hardwick
Chem. Sci, 10 (2019), 2956-2964 DOI

In situ electrochemical SHINERS investigation of SEI composition on carbon-coated Zn_0.9Fe_0.1O anode for lithium-ion batteries
L. Cabo-Fernandez, D. Bresser, F. Braga, S. Passerini, and L. J. Hardwick
Batteries & Supercaps., 2 (2019), 168-177 DOI

Enhanced oxygen evolution performance of spinel Fe_0.1Ni_0.9Co₂O₄/ Activated carbon composites
Y.-T. Lu, J. Wu, Z.-X. Lin, T.-H. You, S.-C. Lin, H.-Y. T. Chen, L. J. Hardwick and C.-C. Hu
Electrochimica Acta. 326 (2019), 134986 DOI

Kerr gated Raman spectroscopy of LiPF₆ salt and LiPF₆-based organic carbonate electrolyte for Li-ion batteries
L. Cabo-Fernandez, A. R. Neale, F. Braga, I. V. Sazanovich, R. Kostecki and L. J. Hardwick
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 21 (2019), 23833 DOI

2018

Metal-Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications; Chapter 9 Metal-Air Battery: In Situ Spectro-electrochemical Techniques
I. M. Aldous, L. J. Hardwick, R. J. Nichols, and J. Padmanabhan Vivek
Ed. Xin-bo Zhang, Wiley 2018, Book

Lithium transport in Li_4.4M_0.4M’_0.6S₄ (M= Al³⁺, Ga³⁺ and M’= Ge⁴⁺, Sn⁴⁺): Combined crystallographic, conductivity, solid state NMR and computational studies 
B, T. Leube, K, K. Inglis, E. Carrington, P. M. Sharp, J. F. Shin, A. R. Neale, T. D. Manning, M. J. Pitcher, L. J. Hardwick, M. S. Dyer, F. Blanc, J. B. Claridge, and M. J. Rosseinsky
Chem. Matter., 30 (2018), 7183-7200 DOI

Growth and Dissolution of NaO₂ in an Ether-based Electrolyte as the Discharge Product in the Na-O₂ Cell  
I. Aldous, L. J. Hardwick
Chem. Commun., 54 (2018), 3444- 3447 DOI

Rechargeable Multi-Valent Metal-Air Batteries: A Review of Research and Current Challenges in Secondary Multivalent Metal-Oxygen Batteries  
L. J. Hardwick, C. Ponce de Leon
Johnson Matthey Technol. Rev., 2 (2018), 62, 134–149 DOI

Time-resolved SERS study of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Non-Aqueous Lithium-Oxygen Cells
P. Radjenovic, L.J. Hardwick
Faraday Discuss., 206 (2018) 379-392 DOI

Structure and Dynamics of Ionic Liquids: A General Discussion
M. Addicoat, R. Atkin, J. N. C. Lopes, M. C. Gomes, M. Firestone, R. Gardas, S. Halstead, C. Hardacre, L. J. Hardwick, J. Holbrey, P. Hunt, V. Ivaništšev, J. Jacquemin, R. Jones, B. Kirchner, R. Lynden-Bell, D. MacFarlane, G. Marlair, H. Medhi, M. Mezger, A. Pádua, I. Pantenburg, S. Perkin, J. E. S. J. Reid, M. Rutland, S. Saha, K. Shimizu, J. M. Slattery, M. Swadźba-Kwaśny, S. Tiwari, S. Tsuzuki, B. Uralcan, A. van den Bruinhorst, M. Watanabe and J. Wishart
Faraday Discuss., 206 (2018), 291- 337 DOI

Electrochemistry: General Discussion
A. Abbott,  L. Aldous,  N. Borisenko,  S. Coles,  O. Fontaine,  J. D. G. Garcia,  R. Gardas,  O. Hammond,  L. J. Hardwick,  P. Haumesser,  F. Hausen,  C. Horwood,  J. Jacquemin,  R. Jones,  E. Jónsson,  A. Lahiri,  D. MacFarlane,  G. Marlair,  B. May,  H. Medhi,  V. H. Paschoal,  J. E. S. J. Reid,  T. Schoetz,  K. Tamura,  M. L. Thomas,  S. Tiwari,  B. Uralcan,  A. van den Bruinhorst,  M. Watanabe  and  J. Wishart 
Faraday Discuss., 206 (2018), 405- 426 DOI

2017 

Analytical SERS: General Dicussion

H. Aitchison,  J. Aizpurua,  H. Arnolds,  J. Baumberg,  S. Bell,  A. Bonifacio,  R. Chikkaraddy,  P. Dawson,  B. de Nijs,  V. Deckert,  I. Delfino,  G. Di Martino,  O. Eremina,  K. Faulds,  A. Fountain,  S. Gawinkowski,  M. Gomez Castano,  R. Goodacre,  J. Gracie,  D. Graham,  J. Guicheteau,  L. Hardwick,  M. Hardy,  C. Heck,  L. Jamieson,  M. Kamp,  A. Keeler,  C. Kuttner,  J. Langer,  S. Mahajan,  N. M. Sabanés,  K. Murakoshi,  M. Porter,  G. Schatz,  S. Schlücker,  Z. Tian,  A. Tripathi,  R. Van Duyne  and  P. Vikesland  
Faraday Discuss., 205 (2017), 561- 600 DOI

Template-free Synthesis of Nitrogen doped Carbon Materials from an Organic Ionic Dye (Murexide) For Supercapacitor Application
M. Serwar, U. Ali Rana, H. M. Siddiqi, S. Ud-Din Khan, F. A. Ahmed Ali, A. Al-Fatesh, A. Adomkevicius, J. A. Coca-Clemente, L. Cabo-Fernandez, F. Braga and L. J. Hardwick
RSC Adv., 7 (2017), 54626- 54637 DOI

In Situ Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy to Identify Oxygen Reduction Products in Nonaqueous Metal–Oxygen Batteries
J. Padmanabhan Vivek, N.G. Berry, J. Zou, R. J. Nichols, L. J. Hardwick
J. Phys.Chem. C, 121  (2017) 19657-19667 DOI

In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of the Lithiation and Sodiation of Antimony Microparticles
N.E. Drewett, I.M. Aldous, J. Zou, L.J. Hardwick
Electrochim. Acta., (2017) 247 (2017) 296-305, DOI

Shell Isolated Nanoparticles for Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Studies in Lithium-Oxygen Cells
T.A. Galloway, L. Cabo-Fernandez, I.M. Aldous, F. Braga, L.J. Hardwick
Faraday Discuss., 205  (2017) 469-490 DOI 

Na_0.35MnO₂ as an Ionic Conductor with Randomly Distributed Nano-sized Layers
A. Adomkevicius, L. Cabo-Fernandez, T.-H. Wu, T.-M. Ou, M.-G. Chen, Y. Andreev, C.-C. Hu and L.J. Hardwick
J. Mater. Chem. A., 5 (2017) 10021-10026 DOI

2016

In Situ Study of Li Intercalation into Highly Crystalline Graphitic Flakes of Varying Thicknesses
J. Zou, C. Sole, N.E. Drewett, M. Velický, L.J. Hardwick
J. Phys. Chem. Lett.,7 (2016) 4291–4296 DOI

Three-dimensional Protonic Conductivity in Porous Organic Cage Solids
Ming Liu, Linjiang Chen, Scott Lewis, Samantha Y. Chong, Marc A. Little, Tom Hasell, Iain M. Aldous, Craig M. Brown, Martin W.Smith, Carole A. Morrison, Laurence J. Hardwick and Andrew I. Cooper
Nature Commun., 7 (2016) 12750 DOI

Batteries: Avoiding oxygen
Laurence J Hardwick
Nature Energy., 1 (2016) 16115 DOI

Solvent-Mediated Control of the Electrochemical Discharge Products of Non-Aqueous Sodium-Oxygen Electrochemistry
I.M. Aldous, L.J. Hardwick
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 55 (2016) 8254-8257 DOI  

Utilizing In Situ Electrochemical SHINERS for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Studies in Aprotic Electrolytes 
T. Galloway, L.J. Hardwick
J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 7 (2016) 2119-2124 DOI  

Mechanistic Insight into the Superoxide Induced Ring Opening in Propylene Carbonate Based Electrolytes using In Situ Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy
Padmanabhan Vivek, N.G. Berry, G. Papageorgiou, R. J. Nichols, L. J. Hardwick
J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 138 (2016) 3745-3751 DOI 

In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon-Coated ZnFe₂O₄ Anode Material in Li-ion Batteries - Investigation of SEI Growth
Laura Cabo-Fernandez, Franziska Mueller, Stefano Passerini, and Laurence J. Hardwick
Chem. Commun., 52  (2016) 3970-3973 DOI

A Highly Active Nickel Electrocatalyst shows Excellent Selectivity for CO₂ Reduction in Acidic Media
Gaia Neri, Iain M. Aldous, James J. Walsh, Laurence J. Hardwick and Alexander J. Cowan
Chem. Sci., 7  (2016) 1521-1526  DOI

2015

Scaling up “Nano” Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ for High-Power Lithium-Ion Anodes Using Large Scale Flame Spray Pyrolysis
A.Birrozzi, M. Copley, J. von Zamory, M.Pasqualini, S. Calcaterra, F. Nobili, A. Di Cicco, H. Rajanti, M. Briceno, E. Bilbé, L. Cabo-Fernandez, L.J. Hardwick, D Bresser, S. Passerini
J. Electrochem. Soc., 162 (2015) A2331-A2338.DOI

The Role of Re-Aggregation on the Performance of Electrochemically Exfoliated Many-Layer Graphene for Li-Ion Batteries
C. Sole, N. Drewett, F. Liu, A. Abdelkader, I. Kinloch, L.J. Hardwick
J. Electroanal. Chem., 53 (2015) 35-41  DOI PDF

Charge Storage Mechanism of Activated Manganese Oxide Composites for Pseudocapacitors
T.-H. Wu, D. Hesp, V. Dhanak, C. Collins, F. Braga, L.J. Hardwick, C.-C. Hu
J. Mater. Chem. A, 3 (2015) 12786-12795 DOI PDF

2014

Influence of Tetraalkylammonium Cation Chain Length on Gold and Glassy Carbon Electrode Interfaces for Alkali Metal–Oxygen Batteries
I.M. Aldous, L.J. Hardwick
J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 5 (2014) 3924–3930 DOI PDF ACS LiveSlides^TM

In Situ Raman Study of Lithium-Ion Intercalation into Microcrystalline Graphite
C. Sole, N. Drewett, L.J. Hardwick
Faraday Discuss., 172 (2014) 223-237 DOI PDF

Characterization of Aluminum Doped Lithium-Manganese Rich Composites for Higher Rate Lithium-Ion Cathodes
M. Iftekhar, N.E. Drewett, A.R. Armstrong, D. Hesp, F. Braga, S. Ahmed, L.J. Hardwick
J. Electrochem. Soc., 161 (2014) A2109-A2116 DOI PDF

Electrochemical Performance of Laser Microstructured Nickel Oxyhydroxide Cathodes
A.R. Neale, Y. Jin, J. Ouyang, S. Hughes, D. Hesp, V. Dhanak, G. Dearden, S. Edwardson, L.J. Hardwick
J. Power Sources, 271 (2014) 42-47 DOI PDF

2013

Important Parameters Affecting the Cell Voltage of Aqueous Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors
T.-H. Wu, Y.-H. Chu, C.-C. Hu, L.J. Hardwick
J. Power Sources, 242 (2013) 289-298 DOI PDF

Criteria Appointing the Highest Acceptable Cell Voltage of Asymmetric Supercapacitors
T.-H. Wu, Y.-H. Chu, C.-C. Hu, L.J. Hardwick
Electrochem. Commun., 27 (2013) 81-84 DOI PDF

2012

Direct Detection of Discharge Products in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
M. Leskes, N. Drewett, L.J. Hardwick, P.G. Bruce, G.R. Goward, C.P. Grey
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 51 (2012) 8560-8563 DOI PDF

Lithium Insertion into Anatase Nanotubes
V. Gentili, S. Brutti, L.J. Hardwick, A.R. Armstrong, S. Panero, B. Scrosati, P.G. Bruce
Chem. Mater, 24 (2012) 4468-4476 DOI PDF

The Pursuit of Rechargeable Non-Aqueous Lithium-Oxygen Battery Cathodes
L.J. Hardwick, P.G. Bruce
Curr. Opin Solid St. M., 16 (2012) 178-185 DOI PDF

Li-O₂ and Li-S Batteries with High Energy Storage
P.G. Bruce, S.A. Freunberger, L.J. Hardwick, J.-M. Tarascon
Nature Mater., 11 (2012) 19-29 DOI PDF

2011

The Lithium-Oxygen Battery with Ether-Based Electrolytes
S. Freunberger, Y. Chen, N. Drewett, L.J. Hardwick, F. Bardé, P.G. Bruce
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50 (2011) 8609-8613 DOI PDF

Oxygen Reactions in a Non-Aqueous Li⁺ Electrolyte
Z. Peng, S. Freunberger, L.J. Hardwick, Y. Chen, V. Giordani, F. Bardé, P. Novák, J.-M. Tarascon, D. Graham, P.G. Bruce
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50 (2011) 6351-6355 DOI PDF

Lithium-Air and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
P.G. Bruce, L.J. Hardwick, K.M. Abraham
MRS Bull., 36 (2011) 506-512 DOI PDF

Reactions in the Rechargeable Lithium-O₂ Battery with Alkyl Carbonate Electrolytes
S. Freunberger, Y. Chen, Z. Peng, J. Griffin, L.J. Hardwick, F. Bardé, P. Novák, P.G. Bruce
J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 133 (2011) 8040-8047 DOI PDF

Activated Lithium-Metal-Oxides as Catalytic Electrodes for Li-O₂ Cells
L. Trahey, C.S. Johnson, J.T. Vaughey, S.-H. Kang, L.J. Hardwick, S.A. Freunberger, P.G. Bruce, M.M. Thackeray
Electrochem. Solid-State Letts., 14 (2011) A64-A66 DOI

2010

Lithium Diffusion in Graphitic Carbon
K. Persson, V.A. Sethuraman, L.J. Hardwick, Y. Hinuma, Y. Meng, A. Van Der Ven, V. Srinivasan, R. Kostecki, G. Ceder
J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 1 (2010) 1176-1180 DOI PDF

Lithium Intercalation into Mesoporous Anatase with an Ordered 3D Pore Structure
Y. Ren, L.J. Hardwick, P.G. Bruce
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 49 (2010) 2570-2574 DOI PDF

Surface Structural Disordering in Graphite upon Lithium Intercalation/Deintercalation
V.A. Sethuraman, L.J. Hardwick, V. Srinivasan, R. Kostecki
J. Power Sources, 195 (2010) 3655-3660 DOI PDF

Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphitic Carbon Thin Films
M. Marcinek, L.J. Hardwick, G.Z. Zukowska, R. Kostecki
Carbon, 48 (2010) 1552-1557 DOI PDF

2009

Electrochemical Doping of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Double Layer Capacitors Studied by In Situ Raman Spectroscopy
P.W. Ruch, L.J. Hardwick, M. Hahn, A. Foelske, R. Kötz, A. Wokaun
Carbon, 47 (2009) 38-52 DOI PDF

FTIR and Raman Study of the Li_xTi_yMn_1-yO₂ (y=0, 0.11) Cathodes in Methylpropyl Pyrrolidinium Bis(fluoro-sulfonyl)imide, LiTFSI Electrolyte
L.J. Hardwick, J. Saint, I.T. Lucas, M. Doeff, R. Kostecki
J. Electrochem. Soc., 156 (2009) A120-A127 DOI

2008

An Investigation of the Effect of Graphite Degradation on Irreversible Capacity in Lithium-Ion Cells
L.J. Hardwick, M. Marcinek, L. Beer, J. Kerr, R. Kostecki
J. Electrochem. Soc., 155 (2008) A442-A447 DOI

In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of Insertion Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors: First Cycle Effects
L.J. Hardwick, P. Ruch, M. Hahn, W. Scheifele, R. Kötz, P. Novák
J. Phys. Chem. Solids., 69 (2008) 1232-1237 DOI PDF

2007

Electrochemical Lithium Insertion into TiO₂ Anatase Materials: An In Situ Raman Microscopy Investigation
L.J. Hardwick, M. Holzapfel, P. Novák, L. Dupont, E. Baudrin
Electrochim. Acta, 52 (2007) 5357-5367 DOI PDF

Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition of Nano-Structured Sn/C Composite Thin-Film Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries
M. Marcinek, L.J. Hardwick, T.J. Richardson, X. Song, R. Kostecki
J. Power Sources, 173 (2007) 965-971 DOI PDF

Behaviour of Highly Crystalline Graphitic Materials in Lithium-Ion Cells with Propylene Carbonate containing Electrolytes: An In Situ Raman and SEM Study
L.J. Hardwick, H. Buqa, M. Holzapfel, W. Scheifele, F. Krumeich, P. Novák
Electrochim. Acta, 52 (2007) 4884-4891 DOI PDF

Raman Study of Lithium Coordination in EMI-TFSI Additive Systems as Lithium-Ion Battery Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
L.J. Hardwick, M. Holzapfel, A. Wokaun, P. Novák
J. Raman Spectrosc., 38 (2007) 110-112 DOI PDF

2006

Nano Silicon for Lithium-Ion Batteries
M. Holzapfel, H. Buqa, L.J. Hardwick, M. Hahn, F. Krumeich, A. Würsig, W. Scheifele, P. Novák, R. Kötz, C. Veit, F. Petrat
Electrochim. Acta, 52 (2006) 973-978 DOI PDF

Graphite Surface Disorder Detection using In Situ Raman Microscopy
L.J. Hardwick, H. Buqa, P. Novák
Solid State Ion., 177 (2006) 2801-2806 DOI PDF

An In Situ Raman Study of the Intercalation of Supercapacitor-Type Electrolyte into Microcrystalline Graphite
L.J. Hardwick, M. Hahn, P. Ruch, M. Holzapfel, W. Scheifele, H. Buqa, F. Krumeich, P. Novák, R. Kötz
Electrochim. Acta, 52 (2006) 675-680 DOI PDF

Surface Reactivity of Graphite Materials and their Surface Passivation during the First Electrochemical Lithium Insertion
M.E. Spahr, H. Buqa, A. Würsig, D. Goers, L.J. Hardwick, P. Novák, F. Krumeich, J. Dentzer, C. Vix-Guterl
J. Power Sources, 153 (2006) 300-311 DOI PDF

2005

Behaviour of Highly Crystalline Graphites in Lithium-Ion Cells with Propylene Carbonate containing Electrolytes
H. Buqa, A. Würsig, D. Goers, L.J. Hardwick, M. Holzapfel, P. Novák, F. Krumeich, M.E. Spahr
J. Power Sources, 146 (2005) 134-141 DOI PDF

Advanced In Situ Characterization Methods Applied to Carbonaceous Materials
P. Novák, D. Goers, L. Hardwick, M. Holzapfel, W. Scheifele, J. Ufheil, A. Würsig
J. Power Sources, 146 (2005) 15-20 DOI PDF

2003

Raman Spectroscopic and Structural Studies of Heat-Treated Graphites for Lithium-Ion Batteries
D. Goers, H. Buqa, L. Hardwick, A. Würsig, P. Novák
Ionics, 9 (2003) 258-265 DOI PDF

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